5 June 1997
Source: ftp://ftp.fedworld.gov/pub/ntis/3he60311.txt

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(1 out of 17)
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-The New Political Terrorism - Chemical and Biological Warfare 
(Extensive research collection and resources available through NTIS.)

Order number: PB96-000000NIN, price code: 
To order, call NTIS at (703) 487-4650.

Summary:
Some of the latest weapons of political and military destruction have 
been with us for centuries--highly infectious pathogens, such as 
anthrax, bubonic plague and botulism toxins. Current accessibility of 
these substances and the development of the newer chemical 
neurotoxins, such as soman, sarin and atropine, have made governments 
around the world take a serious look at laws regulating control and 
possession of these substances. In the U.S., recent terrorist 
incidents, such as the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City bombings 
and the Tokyo subway attack, as well as the Gulf War with Iraq's 
Saddam Hussein, have brought home to us the fact that we are no longer 
immune to acts of political terrorism. The NTIS database has 
information on chemical and biological warfare agents, and related 
government research, detoxification and decontamination studies, and 
development of immunizing agents and drug therapies. Medical 
researchers, scientists and environmentalists at the federal, state, 
and local levels, and private sector groups as well as members of the 
public will be interested in the profiles. Some items available include:


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(2 out of 17)
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Bubonic Plague - Incidence, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. (Latest 
citations from the Life Sciences Collection Database).

NERAC, Inc., Tolland, CT.; National Technical Information Service, 
Springfield, VA.

Feb 94.  250 citations*

Order number: PB94-867496NIN, price code: PC N01/MF N01
To order, call NTIS at (703) 487-4650.

Updated with each order. Prepared in cooperation with Cambridge 
Scientific Abstracts, Washington, DC. Sponsored in part by National 
Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

Summary:
The bibliography contains citations concerning the microorganism 
responsible for bubonic plague, yersinia pestis, and the disease 
expression in both humans and animals. Articles include the 
physiological effects of the organism in human and animal studies and 
case reports, historical accounts of disease outbreaks, progress in 
prevention and vaccination, animal and insect vectors of the disease, 
diagnosis, and treatment. Clinical and laboratory studies of the 
disease organisms, and mutated forms of yersenia pestis are also 
included. Other vector-borne diseases such as Lyme disease, and tick 
and mosquito-borne infections are referenced in related 
bibliographies. (Contains 250 citations and includes a subject term 
index and title list.)


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(3 out of 17)
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Chemical and Biological Warfare - Biology, Chemistry, and Toxicology. 
(Latest citations from the NTIS Bibliographic Database).

NERAC, Inc., Tolland, CT.; National Technical Information Service, 
Springfield, VA.

Oct 95.  P*

Order number: PB96-852397NIN, price code: PC N01/MF N01
To order, call NTIS at (703) 487-4650.

Updated with each order. Sponsored in part by National Technical 
Information Service, Springfield, VA.

Summary:
The bibliography contains citations concerning the physiological 
effects, physicochemical effects, and toxicology of chemical and 
biological warfare agents. Citations discuss toxic chemicals, chemical 
agent simulants, detoxification and decontamination, environmental 
toxicity, and land pollution. Detection techniques and warning systems 
are examined in a separate bibliography. (Contains 50-250 citations 
and includes a subject term index and title list.) (Copyright NERAC, 
Inc. 1995)


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(4 out of 17)
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Chemical and Biological Warfare - Biochemistry, Therapy, and 
Treatment. (Latest citations from the NTIS Bibliographic Database).

NERAC, Inc., Tolland, CT.; National Technical Information Service, 
Springfield, VA.

Oct 95.  P*

Order number: PB96-851597NIN, price code: PC N01/MF N01
To order, call NTIS at (703) 487-4650.

Updated with each order. Sponsored in part by National Technical 
Information Service, Springfield, VA.

Summary:
The bibliography contains citations concerning biochemistry, therapy, 
and treatment of the effects of military chemical and biological 
warfare agents. References include surveys and studies of immunizing 
agents and drugs, the efficacy of these drugs, and the effect of the 
drugs on the patient. Also included are biochemical studies, assay 
techniques, and antidote development, some of which is supported by 
animal studies. Citations concerning detection and warning, 
defoliants, protection, biology and toxicology, and general studies 
are covered in separate bibliographies.(Contains 50-250 citations and 
includes a subject term index and title list.) (Copyright NERAC, Inc. 1995)


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(5 out of 17)
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Chemical and Biological Warfare - General Studies. (Latest citations 
from the NTIS Bibliographic Database).

NERAC, Inc., Tolland, CT.; National Technical Information Service, 
Springfield, VA.

Sep 95.  P*

Order number: PB96-850284NIN, price code: PC N01/MF N01
To order, call NTIS at (703) 487-4650.

Updated with each order. Sponsored in part by National Technical 
Information Service, Springfield, VA.

Summary:
The bibliography contains citations concerning federally sponsored 
and conducted studies into chemical and biological warfare operations 
and planning. These studies cover areas not addressed in other parts 
of this series. The topics include production and storage of agents, 
delivery techniques, training, military and civil defense, general 
planning studies, psychological reactions to chemical warfare, 
evaluations of materials exposed to chemical agents, and studies on 
banning or limiting chemical warfare. Other published searches in this 
series on chemical warfare cover detection and warning, defoliants, 
protection, and biological studies, including chemistry and 
toxicology.(Contains 50-250 citations and includes a subject term 
index and title list.) (Copyright NERAC, Inc. 1995)


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(6 out of 17)
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Chemical and Biological Warfare - Protection, Decontamination, and 
Disposal. (Latest citations from the NTIS Bibliographic Database).

NERAC, Inc., Tolland, CT.; National Technical Information Service, 
Springfield, VA.

Sep 95.  P*

Order number: PB96-850094NIN, price code: PC N01/MF N01
To order, call NTIS at (703) 487-4650.

Updated with each order. Sponsored in part by National Technical 
Information Service, Springfield, VA.

Summary:
The bibliography contains citations concerning the means to defend 
against chemical and biological agents used in military operations, 
and to eliminate the effects of such agents on personnel, equipment, 
and grounds. Protection is accomplished through protective clothing 
and masks, and in buildings and shelters through filtration. 
Elimination of effects includes decontamination and removal of the 
agents from clothing, equipment, buildings, grounds, and water, using 
chemical deactivation, incineration, and controlled disposal of 
material in injection wells and ocean dumping. Other Published 
Searches in this series cover chemical warfare detection; defoliants; 
general studies; biochemistry and therapy; and biology, chemistry, and 
toxicology associated with chemical warfare agents.(Contains 50-250 
citations and includes a subject term index and title list.) 
(Copyright NERAC, Inc. 1995)


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(7 out of 17)
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Development of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISAS) to Anthrax 
for the Persian Gulf.

Defence Research Establishment Suffield, Ralston (Alberta).

Jul 95.  38p

Order number: AD-A297 350/1NIN, price code: PC A03/MF A01. Report 
no.: DRES-SR-623
To order, call the NTIS subscription desk at (703) 487-4630.

Nagata, L. P.; Schmalty, F. L.; Balogh, C.; Bhatti, A. R.; 
Cherwonogrodzky, J. W.

Summary:
This report details the research that went into the bacterial 
component of the enzyme-based immunoassays developed for the Mobile 
Agent Identification Unit (MAGIDU), and were deployed during Operation 
Friction in the Persian Gulf in 1991. A rapid whole cell enzyme-linked 
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was quickly developed for the 
identification of selected bacterial agents. The early research 
concentrated on the identification of Bacillus anthracis whole cells, 
and the resulting assays were fielded in the Persian Gulf. Anthrax 
could be reliably detected in 5.5 hrs at concentrations as low as 4.6 
x i05 cells/niL (2 Lg/rnL). An assay with shortened incubation times 
was later developed (assay run time of 3.0 - 3.5 hr) with a 
sensitivity of detection of 1.2 x 106 cells/mL (5 g/rnL). Technical 
details in the development of these assays are discussed, as well as 
recommendations for future work.


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(8 out of 17)
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Effect of Antiviral Agents on Ricin Toxicity - Protection by 
Zidovudine. (Reannouncement with New Availability Information).

Army Medical Research Inst. of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD.

1992.  4p

Order number: AD-A254 211/6NIN, price code: PC A01/MF A01
To order, call NTIS at (703) 487-4650.

Mereish, K.A.; Fajer, A.B.
Pub. in Medical Science Research, v20 p317-318, 1992.

Summary:
Ricin is a toxic protein obtained from the seeds of Ricinus communis. 
The ricin molecule (MW 60,000) is composed of two protein chains, A 
and B, which are linked by a disulphide bond 1. The B-chain binds to a 
galactose residue on the cell surface, thus facilitating transport of 
the A-chain into the cytoplasm (1). Ricin exhibits N-glycosidase 
activity, which removes an adenine base from the 28S rRNA, resulting 
in inhibition of protein elongation (2). Ricin A-chain has a homology 
at the domain level to RNase H from Escherichia coli and two regions 
of the pol gene product of retroviral reverse transcriptases (3). 
Several residues conserved among the ribosome inhibitors, E. coli 
RNase H, and retroviral integrase proteins, occupy a prominent cleft 
in the ribosome inhibitor ricin, suggesting a role in binding or 
catalysis 3. Ricin has an antitumour effect on Ehrlich ascites tumour 
cells in mice (4), and it has been tested for its effects on different 
human tumours 5. We have investigated the possibility that antiviral 
agents may reduce the effects of ricin.


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(9 out of 17)
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Effects of Ricin on the Heart and Coronary Arteries. (Final rept.)

Oklahoma Univ. Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. Coll. of 
Medicine.

1 Feb 95.  189p

Order number: AD-A297 059/8NIN, price code: PC A09/MF A02
To order, call the NTIS subscription desk at (703) 487-4630.

Robinson, C. P.

Summary:
Effects of ricin on rabbit heart, coronary arteries, and distribution 
of blood flow to various organs and tissues were investigated. Ricin 
increased cardiac output, and blood flow to most organs/tissues. Ricin 
was given 0.22 micrograms/kg and 48 hours later changes were 
determined. Ricin decreased sensitivities of coronary arteries to 
5-HT- and histamine contractions, increased sensitivity to NE 
relaxations, increased maximal contractions, but did not alter 
ACh-induced relaxations. Ricin increased basal IP3 levels, but 
histamine stimulated IP3 levels and basal hydrolysis rates from IP2 to 
IP1 were depressed. In myocardium, ricin depressed cAMP and cGMP 
accumulation but not phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Heart rate, bipolar 
electrocardiograms, action potentials and beta adrenergic receptor 
number or affinity were not altered. Ricin reduced left ventricular 
compliance and decreased left ventricular developed pressure per balloon volume.


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(10 out of 17)
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Efficacy of Prophylactic and Therapeutic Administration of Antitoxin 
for Inhalation Botulism. (Reannouncement with New Availability 
Information).

Army Medical Research Inst. of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD.

1993.  4p

Order number: AD-A269 617/7NIN, price code: PC A01/MF A01
To order, call NTIS at (703) 487-4650.

Franz, D. R.; Pitt, L. M.; Clayton, M. A.; Hanes, M. A.; Rose, K. J.
Pub. in Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins, p473-476, 1993.

Summary:
Botulism is caused by intoxication with one or more of the seven 
neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. Food poisoning is the 
most common cause of botulism. Accidental inhalation exposure, 
however, has been reported in the laboratory, and inhalation is the 
likely route of exposure after the toxin's use as a terrorist weapon 
or warfare agent. Toxoids are available for immunization, but there 
are presently no known drugs that can be used to prevent or treat 
botulinum intoxication. A pentavalent human, hyperimmune globulin 
product and a heptavalent, equine F (ab') 2 (despeciated) antitoxin 
(unpublished data, G.E. Lewis, Jr. and R.M. Condie) were evaluated in 
a preliminary study as prophylaxis or therapy for inhalation botulism 
(serotype A) in rhesus monkeys.


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(11 out of 17)
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Postexposure Prophylaxis against Experimental Inhalation Anthrax. 
(Reannouncement with New Availability Information).

Army Medical Research Inst. of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD.

May 93.  5p

Order number: AD-A269 707/6NIN, price code: PC A01/MF A01
To order, call NTIS at (703) 487-4650.

Friedlander, A. M.; Welkos, S. L.; Pitt, M. L.; Ezzell, J. W.; 
Worsham, P. L.
Pub. in Jnl. of Infectious Diseases, v67 p1239-1242, May 93.

Summary:
Inhalation anthrax is a rare disease that is almost invariably fatal. 
This study determined whether a prolonged course of postexposure 
antibiotics with or without vaccination would protect monkeys exposed 
to a lethal aerosol dose of Bacillus anthracis when the antibiotic was 
discontinued. Beginning 1 day after exposure, groups of 10 animals 
were given penicillin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, doxycycline plus 
vaccination, vaccination alone. or saline. Antibiotics were 
administered for 30 days and then discontinued. Vaccine was given on 
days 1 and 15. Two animals died of causes other than anthrax and were 
not included in the statistical analysis. Nine of 10 controls and 8 of 
10 animals given only vaccine died. Each antibiotic regimen completely 
protected animals while on therapy and provided significant long-term 
protection upon discontinuance of the drug (penicillin, 7 of 10 
survived, P < .02; ciprofloxacin. 8 of 9 survived. P < .002; 
doxycycline, 9 of 10 survived, P < .002; doxycycline plus vaccination, 
9 of 9 survived, P < .0002). Protection against rechallenge was 
provided by combining postexposure antibiotic treatment with vaccination.


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(12 out of 17)
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Proceedings of the International Symposium on Protection against 
Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents (5th). Held in Stockholm, 
Sweden on June 11-16, 1995.

Foersvarets Forskningsanstalt, Umea (Sweden). Huvudavdelning foer 
ABC-Skydd.

Jun 95.  403p

Order number: PB96-126412NIN, price code: PC A18/MF A04. Report no.: 
FOA-R-95-00122-4.9-SE
To order, call NTIS at (703) 487-4650.

Summary:
The report contains the proceedings from the Fifth International 
Symposium on Protection Against Chemical and Biological Warfare 
Agents, which took place in Stockholm, Sweden, June 11-16, 1995. The 
papers were presented during sessions entitled Keynote Address, 
Detection, Decontamination and Destruction, Body Protection, Filters 
and Filtration, Respiratory Protection, Medical Protection, 
Verification, Threat Analysis and Miscellaneous.


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(13 out of 17)
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Protection Against Soman and Sarin Exposure by Transdermal 
Physostigmine and Scopolamine.

Army Medical Research Inst. of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving 
Ground, MD.

13 May 93.  9p

Order number: AD-P008 836/9NIN, price code: PC A02/MF A01
To order, call NTIS at (703) 487-4650.

Meshulam, Y.; Davidovici, R.; Levy, A.
This article is from 'Proceedings of the Medical Defense Bioscience 
Review (1993) Held in Baltimore, Maryland on 10-13 May 1993. Volume 
2', AD-A275 668, p811-819.

Summary:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic efficacy 
of physostigmine (physo), administered via sustained release (SR) 
methods, with and without scopolamine, against soman and sarin 
exposure in guinea-pigs. Transdermal physo pad (3 sq cm/kg; 60-80 
ug/sq cm), containing a vehicle based on propionic acid, was applied 
onto the dorsal back of the animals, 24 hours before exposure to the 
cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors. At the time of exposure, physo 
concentrations in brain and plasma were 3.6 ng/g and 4.1 ng/ml 
respectively. Brain and whole blood ChE activity were inhibited to 70% 
and 57% of their original activity. Transdermal physo by itself 
protected up to 70% of the animals exposed to 1.5 LD(50) of soman or 
sarin (100% mortality was recorded in the control group). Combining 
transdermal physo with Scopoderm (by Ciba Geigy Inc.) provided full 
protection against 1.5 LD(50).


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(14 out of 17)
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Ricin - Inhibitor Design. (Annual rept. 15 Apr 94-14 Apr 95.)

Albert Einstein Coll. of Medicine, Bronx, NY.

14 May 95.  19p

Order number: AD-A299 338/4NIN, price code: PC A03/MF A01. Report 
no.: VLS-3082
To order, call the NTIS subscription desk at (703) 487-4630.

Schramm, V. L.

Summary:
Substrates for ricin A-chain include short RNA stem-loop structures 
which have been synthesized with radioactive labels for ease of 
catalytic assay and for kinetic isotope effects. Ricin A-chain from 
several sources is incapable of completing multiple catalytic cycles 
using these substrates. A family of ricin substrate analogue molecules 
have been synthesized and tested which are specific for transition 
states with oxycarbonium character or for enzymatic mechanisms 
involving protonation of the adenine leaving group. Formycin analogues 
were incorporated into RNA oligomeric structures and tested for 
binding to ricin A-chain or as inhibitors of the ricin-inactivation of 
in vitro translation using rabbit reticulocyte lysates. 
Ribo-oxycarbonium ion analogues containing iminoribitol analogues of 
ribose were synthetically incorporated into RNA oligomeric structures. 
Neither formycin nor ribo-oxycarbonium analogues, either singly or in 
RNA oligomers caused significant inhibition of ricin A-chain when 
assayed in reticulocyte lysate translation assays. The results 
indicate a novel transition state mechanism for ricin A-chain, or a 
requirement for additional features of 28s rRNA to bind transition state analogues.


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(15 out of 17)
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Topical Bibliography of Published Works Regarding the Health of 
Veterans of the Persian Gulf War. (Rept. for May 94-Aug 95.)

Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA.

Aug 95.  77p

Order number: AD-A299 134/7NIN, price code: PC A05/MF A01. Report 
no.: NHRC-TD-95-3C
To order, call the NTIS subscription desk at (703) 487-4630.

Cornellson, C. M.; Gray, G. C.

Summary:
We have constructed a topical bibliography for the benefit of 
researchers conducting studies among Persian Gulf War veterans. The 
document was framed around a bibliography of the Persian Gulf War and 
associated topics that was prepared by Jacqueline Van de Kamp, M.L.S., 
Specialized Information Services, National Library of Medicine, and 
John H. Ferguson, M.D., Office of Medical Applications of Research, 
National Institutes of Health. Their document was generated in April 
of 1994 and contained 594 citations. Our document contains 1,751 
references, organized alphabetically by first authors' last name, into 
the following categories: Anthrax, Cancer, Chemical Warfare, Chronic 
Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, Gastrointestinal Disease, 
Insecticides, Leishmaniasis, Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Other 
Infectious Disease, Other Psychiatric Disease, Other Toxins and their 
Treatment, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Pyridostigmine, Q Fever, 
Reproductive Disease, Respiratory Disease, Smoke Effects, and War and Disease.


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(16 out of 17)
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Toxicokinetics of Inhaled Soman and Sarin in Guinea Pigs. (Final 
rept. 31 Jul 90-31 May 93.)

Prins Maurits Lab. TNO, Rijswijk (Netherlands).

30 Jun 93.  173p

Order number: AD-A277 585/6NIN, price code: PC A08/MF A02. Report 
no.: PML-1993
To order, call NTIS at (703) 487-4650.

Benschop, H. P.; Helden, H. P. V.; Langenberg, J. P.

Summary:
The inhalation toxicokinetics of C(+/-)P(+/-)-soman and (+/-)-sarin 
were studied in anesthetized, atropinized guinea pigs. An apparatus 
was constructed for continuous generation' of nerve agent vapor in air 
and nose-only exposure. During exposure the respiratory minute volume 
(RMV) and respiratory frequency (RF) were monitored. Blood samples 
were taken for gas chromatographic analysis of the concentrations of 
nerve agent stereoisomers, and to measure the progressive inhibition 
of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The animals were exposed for 4-8 min 
to 0.4 or 0.8 LCt50 of C(+/-)P(+/-)-soman or (+/-)-sarin. The 
toxicokinetics of intravenous bolus administration of doses 
corresponding with 0.8 LD50 were studied as references for the 
inhalation experiments. Concentrations of the P(-)-isomers increased 
rapidly during exposure, up to several ng/ml blood. The absorption 
phase of C(+)P(-)-soman lagged behind that of the C(-)P(-)-isomer. The 
measured progression of AChE inhibition was approximately in 
accordance with the observed blood levels of C(+/-)P(+/-)-soman. The 
results obtained of the various inhalation experiments with 
C(+/-)P(+/-)-soman indicated nonlinearity of the toxicokinetics, both 
with dose and with Soman, Soman stereoisomers, Sarin, Sarin 
stereoisomers Toxicokinetics, Guinea pig, Analysis, Blood, 
Two-dimensional gas chromatography, Thermodesorption/cold-trap 
injection, exposure time. Upon 8-min exposure to concentrations of 
(+/-)-sarin vapor in air yielding 0.4 and 0.8 LCt50, (-)-sarin was 
detectable in blood up to 2 h after exposure, whereas (+)-sarin was 
not detectable at all. Nonlinearity of the toxicokinetics with the 
(+/-)-sarin dose was observed.


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(17 out of 17)
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Toxicology and Pharmacology of the Chemical Warfare Agent Sulfur 
Mustard - A Review. (Final technical rept. 29 Sep 94-31 Jan 95.)

Geo-Centers, Inc., Newton Upper Falls, MA.

5 Apr 95.  89p

Order number: AD-A294 927/9NIN, price code: PC A05/MF A01. Report 
no.: GC-TR-95-2533-014; USAMRMC-TR-9209
To order, call the NTIS subscription desk at (703) 487-4630.

Dacre, J. C.; Beers, R.; Goldman, M.

Summary:
Sulfur mustard is a poisonous chemical agent which exerts a local 
action on the eyes, skin and respiratory tissue with subsequent 
systemic action on the nervous, cardiac, and digestive and endocrine 
systems in man and laboratory animals causing lacrimation, malaise, 
anorexia, salivation, respiratory distress, vomiting, 
hyperexcitability, cardiac distress, and death. Sulfur mustard is a 
cell poison which causes disumption and impairment of a variety of 
cellular activities which are dependent upon a very specific integral 
relationship. These cytotoxic effects are manifested in widespread 
metabolic disturbances whose variable characteristics are observed in 
enzymatic deficiencies, vesicant action, abnormal mitotic activity and 
cell division, bone marrow disruption, disturbances in hematopoietic 
activity and systemic poisoning. Indeed, mustard gas readily combines 
with various components of the cell such as amino acids, amines and 
proteins. Sulfur mustard has been shown to be mainly a lung carcinogen 
in various test animal species; this effect is highly dependent of 
size of the dose and the route of exposure. In the human, there is 
evidence of cancers of the respiratory tract in men exposed to mustard 
gas. Mutagenicity of sulfur mustard, due to the strong alkylating 
activity, has been reported to occur in many different species of 
animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi. There is no strong evidence that 
sulfur mustard is a teratogen but much further research, with 
particular emphasis on maternal and fetal toxicity, is needed and recommended.


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[End]


5 June 1997
Source: ftp://ftp.fedworld.gov/pub/ntis/3en52002.txt

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   (Item number 1 out of 7)
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Correlations of the Protozoa, 'Cryptosporidium' and 'Giardia', with Water 
Quality Variables in a Watershed.


1989  8p


Order number: PB90-113234HDV, price code: PC A02/MF A01. Report no.: 
EPA/600/J-88/430
To order, call the NTIS sales desk at (703) 487-4650.


A watershed in the western US was surveyed biweekly for a year for the 
protozoa Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Parasite samples were collected using 
filtration of 200-1000L of water, eluted by washing the filter, concentrated 
and clarified with density gradients. Oocyst and cysts were detected using 
monoclonal antibodies, in a direct or indirect immunofluorescent assay. 


KEYWORDS: Cryptosporidium, Water quality, Aquatic microbiology, Watersheds, 
Immunofluorescence technics




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   (Item number 2 out of 7)
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Cryptosporidium and the Milwaukee Incident


Jul 94  6p


Order number: PB95-148623HDV, price code: PC A02/MF A01. Report no.: 
EPA/600/A-94/251
To order, call the NTIS sales desk at (703) 487-4650.


In March and April of 1993, Milwaukee, WI reported a very large increase in 
the number of diarrhea patients and shortages of over the counter drugs for 
diarrhea control at local pharmacies. Preliminary investigations conducted by 
State and City officials suggested that the drinking water may have been 
partially responsible for distributing Cryptosporidium around Milwaukee. This 
paper describes the approach the EPA team took in evaluating the effectiveness 
of the water treatment facility to remove particulates, including a discussion 
of the key operational data and a description of what was observed at the 
treatment facilities. A brief summary and discussion of this data is presented 
in this paper.


KEYWORDS: Cryptosporidium, Water Treatment Plants, Microorganism control 
(water), Water Pollution Effects (Humans)




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   (Item number 3 out of 7)
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Cryptosporidium in Food and Water(Latest citations from Food Science and 
Technology Abstracts (FSTA))


Nov 94


Order number: PB95-855219HDV, price code: PC N01/MF N01
To order, call the NTIS sales desk at (703) 487-4650.


The bibliography contains citations concerning Cryptosporidium parvuum, a 
protozoan producing infective oocysts with the potential for fatal human 
gastroenteritis under certain conditions. The citations discuss methods of 
determination and detection including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 
immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), and chemiluminescence. 
Water treatement and plant performance assessment using ozone, sand filters, 
chlorine dioxide, and chlorine are mentioned. (Contains a minimum of 52 
citations and includes a subject term index and title list.)


KEYWORDS: Bibliographies, Protozoa, Cryptosporidium, Published Searches, Water 
Treatment




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   (Item number 4 out of 7)
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Cryptosporidium: Drinking Water Health Advisory


Environmental Protection Agency, Health and Ecological Criteria Division


DEC 93  21p


Order number: PB94143526HDV, price code: PC A03/MF A01
To order, call the NTIS sales desk at (703) 487-4650.


The health advisory provides information on the health effects, analytical 
methodology, treatment technology, and risk assessment that would be useful in 
dealing with emergency spills and contamination situation. It also addresses 
contamination of drinking water by a microbial pathogen, examines pathogen 
control, and addresses the issue of an infective dose. 


KEYWORDS: Drinking Water, Public Health, Microorganisms, Cryptosporidium




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   (Item number 5 out of 7)
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Cryptosporidium: The Milwaukee Experience and Relevant Research


Jun 94  12p


Order number: PB95-174702HDV, price code: PC A03/MF A01. Report no.: 
EPA/600/A-95/028
To order, call the NTIS sales desk at (703) 487-4650.


The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) was mandated on June 29, 1989 by the 
US EPA. This Rule requires all water utilities that use surface waters for 
their source for drinking water to filter the water before sending it out into 
the distribution system. Filtration is required to both remove pathogenic 
microorganisms that might be present and to remove particulates that could 
interfere with disinfection. Allowances in the SWTR are made for alternative 
techniques such as membrane filtration and cartidge filtration. The alternate 
technologies must demonstrate that they are capable of removing 99% of 
particles in the 5-15 pm range and meet a 0.5 NTU turbidity limit.


KEYWORDS: Drinking Water, Filtration, Water Pollution Control, Cryptosporidium




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   (Item number 6 out of 7)
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Dose Response of 'Cryptosporidium parvum' in Outbred Neonatal CD-1 Mice


1993  8p


Order number: PB94-146289HDV, price code: PC A02/MF A01. Report no.: 
EPA/600/J-94/089
To order, call the NTIS sales desk at (703) 487-4650.


Cryptosporidium parvum infectivity in a neonatal CD-1 mouse model was used to 
determine the dose needed to infect 50% of the population. The 50% infective 
dose was estimated to be 79 oocysts. All animals became infected when the mean 
oral dose exceeded 310 oocysts per animal. The dose response of C. parvum was 
modeled with a logit dose-response model suitable for use in water disinfection 
studies.


KEYWORDS: Cryptosporidium, Water Supply, Public Health, Drinking Water, Water 
Treatment




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   (Item number 7 out of 7)
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Drinking Water Criteria Document for Cryptosporidium


Mar 93  101p


Order number: PB95129169HDV, price code: PC A06/MF A02
To order, call the NTIS sales desk at (703) 487-4650.


The Topics covered in this document includes: (1) General Information and 
Properties of Cryptosporidium; (2) Occurrence; (3) Health Effects in Animals; 
(4) Health Effects in Humans; (5) Risk Assessment; (6) Analysis and Treatment; 
and (7) Research Requirements.


KEYWORDS: Public Health, Water Pollution Effects, Drinking Water, 
Cryptosporidium, Waterborne Diseases


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