This is one of five Defense Trade News on this site:

    January and April 1993: http://jya.com/dtn0193.htm
    January 1994:           http://jya.com/dtn0194.htm
    April 1994:             http://jya.com/dtn0494.htm
    July/October, 1994:     http://jya.com/dtn0794.htm
    October 1995:           http://jya.com/dtn1095.htm

Source: gopher://gopher.state.gov

    US DEPARTMENT OF STATE
    DEFENSE TRADE NEWS
    THE BULLETIN OF THE CENTER FOR DEFENSE TRADE
    Volume 4, Numbers 1 and 2
    January and April 1993

    CONTENTS:
    Features
    1.  DTAG Holds Meetings -- Defense Trade Advisory Group Discusses Coming
    Year's Activities
    2.  New  Defense Trade Policies -- Sudan, Cyprus, South Africa's
    "Homelands", Somalia, Yemen, Liberia and Anti-Personnel Mines
    Subject to U.S. Policy
    3.  Notifying Congress -- Update on the Congressional Notification
    Process and Special Handling of "Hill" Cases
    4.  NATO E-3A Related License Applications -- Special Procedures
    for NATO AEW Program
    5.  Rolled Bars and Ammunition Penetrator Blanks -- Differences
    Defined and Legislation Discussed
    6.  DOS Reorganizes Export Control -- Department of State to
    Consolidfate Export Control Policy and Operations in One Bureau
    7.  Advisory Opinions -- Procedure to Determine Likelihood of
    Export Approval
    8.  Your Current License Status -- DTC Licensing Division Staff
    Aides Provide Information
    9.  OMB Approves Revised Munitions Application Forms -- Less
    Paperwork, Easier to Prepare
    10.  A Guide to Visiting DTC-- Dining and Lodging in the Rosslyn
    Area
    11.  Where in the World Is It?-- Using DOS Geographic Regions to
    Speed Licensing

    Departments
    12.  US Customs at DTC - The Automated Export System
    13.  Commodity Jurisdictions
    14.  Personnel Updates & Category Assignments
    15.  Tips and Tidbits
    16.  Publications for Exporters - Cross Reference of Countries and
    Bureaus
    17.  Reader Questionnaire & Training Form

    ARTICLE 1:
    DTAG Holds  Meetings
    Defense Trade Advisory Group Discusses Coming Year's Activities

    Ed's Note:   For additional information on the DTAG, see 3 related
    articles in the October 1992 issue; "Defense Trade Advisory
    Group", "Partnership of Concerns", and "DTAG Leadership".

    DTAG holds two meetings.  The Defense Trade Advisory Group
    (DTAG), a formal State Department advisory committee established
    in February 1992, recently held two meetings.  The fall meeting
    was the second one for the advisory group, and the winter one, the
    third meeting.

    The Fall Meeting
    The DTAG held its second meeting on October 14, 1992 , at the
    National Defense University in Washington, DC.  Attendees included
    private sector DTAG members as well as observers from the
    Departments of Commerce, Defense, Justice, the Arms Control and
    Disarmament Agency  (ACDA), U.S.  Customs, and numerous U.S.
    defense firms.

    Assistant Secretary of State for Political Military Affairs Robert
    L. Gallucci gave the opening address.  He urged industry to
    support the State Department's efforts to reduce proliferation,
    prevent arms diversions, and lower armaments levels to enhance
    worldwide and regional stability.  Recognizing that the defense
    industry must remain competitive in order to sustain a strong U.S.
    defense industrial base, the Department will continue to support
    arms sales which advance our security and foreign policy
    interests.

    After the opening remarks, DTAG members adjourned into the Policy,
    Regulatory, and Technical Working Groups.  DTAG Chairman William
    Schneider encouraged committee members to develop recommendations
    in time for the FY94 budget authorization.  Each working group
    focussed on activities for the coming year.

    The Policy Working Group (PWG).  Led by Schneider, the PWG offered
    a number of recommendations which it asked the U.S. Government to
    consider.  The following suggestions were considered to be among
    the most important:

      --  Foreign availability should be considered when reviewing
    export requests.
      --  The Foreign Commercial  Service (FCS) should be utilized
    more to  facilitate U.S. arms sales abroad.
      --  The cable on support for defense companies issued by then
    Deputy Secretary Eagleburger in July 1990, should be revised and
    retransmitted.
      --  The U.S. Government should review its policy on weapons
    upgrades and releasability of US technology to Eastern Europe.

    Longer term issues that the PWG intends to consider include:

      --  Retransfers.
      --  Globalization of the defense industry.
      --  Defense export financing.
      --  Offsets.
      --  Reducing national market barriers to US munitions exports.
      --  Expediting Congressional notification of non-controversial
    arms sales.
      --  Determining appropriate support for international trade
    shows.

    The Regulatory Working Group (RWG).  This committee established a
    number of task forces to consider subjects for the next one and
    two years.  Each task force will provide background  papers.  RWG
    consensus  is needed before a background paper can be passed to
    the DTAG Secretariat for dissemination to the entire DTAG
    membership.  The following subjects will be considered over the
    next year:

      --  The Commodity jurisdiction process.
      --  Third country transfers.
      --  Compliance procedures.
      --  Office of Defense Trade Controls (DTC) Day in Court
    procedures.

    The following items made up the RWG Two-Year Work Plan:

      --  Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms multiple licensing
    activities.
      --  Revising ITAR detention and seizure procedures.
      --  Reviewing various ITAR exemptions for proscribed countries.
      --  Upgrading DTC administrative functions.

    The Technical Working Group  (TWG).  This group focussed on six
    commodities to determine whether they should be on the U.S.
    Munitions List (USML) or on the Commerce Department's  Commodity
    Control  List (CCL).   The specific items were:

      --  Hot sections.
      --  Commercial development aircraft.
      --  Encryption devices.
      --  Satellite technology.
      --  Software source codes.
      --  Space items.

    The TWG agreed to defer discussing commercial development aircraft
    until it made recommendations on the hot sections issue.  As
    government studies are underway on encryption, software source
    codes and  satellites, the group will wait for results to be
    reported before making recommendations on these items.  John
    Walsh, chairman of the TWG, asked several committee members to
    prepare studies on hot sections and software source codes.

    The Winter Meeting
    The third meeting of the Defense Trade Advisory Group (DTAG) took
    place on February 2, 1993,  in the State Department's Loy
    Henderson Auditorium.   Robert L. Gallucci, Assistant Secretary of
    State for Political Military Affairs, introduced Under Secretary
    Designate Lynn Davis.  PM Deputy Assistant Secretary Rand Beers
    and Office of Defense Trade Policy  (DTP) Director Michael Newlin
    were also present.  In his keynote address, Mr. Gallucci commented
    on USG assistance to the U.S. defense industry and the non-
    proliferation goals of the Clinton Administration.  After the
    keynote speakers,  DTAG members  adjourned into Working Groups and
    reviewed their progress to date and made recommendations.

    The Policy Working Group (PWG).  This committee established
    subcommittees on Arms Control, New Initiatives, and Globalization
    of the Defense Industry.  It asked for publication of the new ITAR
    and a reaffirmation of the 1990 Eagleburger directive on
    facilitating legitimate U.S. defense exports.

    The Regulatory Working Group (RWG).  This working group has task
    forces on Automation of the Licensing Process, a DTC Day-in-Court,
    Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), Commodity Jurisdiction
    (CJ), Third Country Transfers, and Compliance.  RWG
    recommendations included expanding the capabilities of the Remote
    On-line Bulletin Board (ROBB); making licensing forms more user-
    friendly; instituting a DTC appeals process for disapproved
    license applications; establishing a review process for MTCR
    cases; working towards greater transparency regarding DTC CJ
    decisions; clarifying the definition of an empowered/delegated
    official; and reviewing State's policy towards persons indicted or
    ineligible to conduct business with the U.S. Government.

    The Technical Working Group (TWG).   This group is examining
    whether specific technologies, including jet engine hot sections
    and software source code, should be under State or Commerce
    control.

    Point of Contact.  To receive additional information about the
    DTAG and its upcoming meetings, contact Linda Lum at the Office of
    Defense Trade Policy (DTP) at (202) 647-4231, datafax (202) 647-
    4232. (###)

    ARTICLE 2:

    New Defense Trade Policies
    Sudan, Cyprus, South Africa's "Homelands", Somalia, Yemen, Liberia
    and Anti-Personnel Mines Subject to U.S. Policy

    Exports to Sudan Suspended
    In a Federal Register Notice, Vol. 57, Page 4974, November 3,
    1992, it was noticed that all Department of State licenses and
    other approvals to export or otherwise transfer defense articles
    or defense services to Sudan are suspended until further notice.
    Effective October 8, 1992, it is the policy of the Department of
    State to deny all applications for licenses and other approvals to
    export or otherwise transfer defense articles or defense services
    to Sudan.  This action also precludes using any exemptions from
    licensing or other approval requirements included in the ITAR in
    connection with Sudan.  Also, foreign assistance to Sudan other
    than humanitarian assistance, was suspended pursuant to ¤ 513 of
    the Foreign Operations Authorization Act which mandates suspension
    of assistance following a military coup.  Exceptions to this
    policy, particularly for non-lethal items will be considered on a
    case-by-case basis.

    Exports to Cyprus Denied
    Effective November 18, 1992, it is the policy of the U.S.
    Government to deny all Department of State applications for
    licenses and other approvals to export or otherwise transfer
    defense articles or defense services to any of the armed forces on
    Cyprus, with the exception of the United Nations Forces in Cyprus
    (UNFICYP).   Such exports are opposed because of their ability to
    contribute to an arms race on the island and hinder United Nations
    and U.S.  efforts to reach a fair and permanent settlement of the
    Cyprus dispute.  This action does not affect exports of defense
    articles or services for civilian end-users on Cyprus. This action
    also precludes any exemptions from licensing or other approval
    requirements included in the ITAR  for Cyprus [Vol. 57 Federal
    Register, page 60265 (December 18, 1992)].

    South   Africa's  "Independent" Homelands Not Recognized
    The U.S.  Government does not recognize South Africa's so called
    "independent" homelands of Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei and
    Venda.  These entities are considered to be part of the Republic
    of South Africa.   As a consequence, exports to any of these areas
    are subject to the arms embargo imposed against South Africa by
    the UN Security Council in resolution 418 on November 4, 1977.
    Exports destined for the homelands should reflect South Africa as
    the 'country of ultimate destination'.

    Exports to Somalia Suspended
    In a  Federal Register Notice, Vol. 57,  Page 59851, December 16,
    1992, it was noticed that all Department of State licenses and
    other approvals to export or otherwise transfer defense articles
    or defense services to Somalia are suspended until further notice.
    Effective December 16, 1992, it is the policy of the Department of
    State to deny all applications for licenses and other approvals to
    export or otherwise transfer defense articles or defense services
    to Somalia.  This action has  been taken in accordance with UN
    Security Council Resolution 733 instituting a general complete
    embargo on all deliveries of weapons and military equipment to
    Somalia.

    This action also precludes using any exemptions from licensing or
    other ITAR approval requirements in connection with Somalia.

    Exports to Yemen
    In a  Federal Register Notice,  Vol. 57,  Page 59852, December 16,
    1992, it was noticed that effective November 16, 1992, all
    Department of State license applications and other written
    requests for approvals to export or otherwise transfer defense
    articles or defense services to Yemen are being reviewed on a more
    scrutinized case-by-case basis, with a presumption of denial for
    lethal articles or items supporting such articles.  Approvals for
    export of defense articles or defense services bound for Yemen
    will be considered primarily for non-lethal defense articles or
    defense services.

    For the purposes of this policy, "nonlethal defense articles"
    means an article that is not a weapon, ammunition, or other
    equipment or material that is designed to inflict serious bodily
    harm or death (see e.g., 10 U.S.C. ¤ 2547).

    Exports to Liberia Suspended
    In a  Federal Register Notice, Vol. 57,  Page 60265, December 18,
    1992, it was noticed that all Department of State licenses and
    other approvals to export or otherwise transfer defense articles
    or defense services to Liberia,  other than articles or services
    destined for the sole  use of  the peace-keeping forces of ECOWAS,
    are suspended until further notice.

    Effective December 18, 1992, it is the policy of the Department of
    State to deny all applications for licenses and other approvals to
    export or otherwise transfer defense articles or defense services
    to Liberia. This action has been taken in accordance with UN
    Security Council Resolution 788 instituting a general complete
    embargo on all deliveries of weapons and military equipment to
    Liberia. This action does not apply to weapons and military
    equipment destined for the sole use of the peace-keeping forces of
    ECOWAS  in Liberia, including weapons and military equipment
    destined for constituent members of the ECOWAS peace-keeping
    forces. This action also precludes using any exemptions from
    licensing or other approval  requirements included in the ITAR for
    Liberia.

    Moratorium on Anti-Personnel Mines
    On October 23, 1992, the President signed into law the National
    Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 (Public Law 102-
    484).  Section 1365 of that Act contains a statutory moratorium on
    transfers of anti-personnel landmines to foreign nations.
    Effective with the signing of the Act, it is the policy of the
    U.S. Government to deny all applications for licenses and other
    approvals to export or otherwise transfer anti-personnel landmines
    to foreign persons or foreign nations. In addition, all previously
    issued licenses and other approvals for the export, sale, or other
    transfer of anti-personnel landmines have been revoked or
    suspended.  This prohibition remains in effect until further
    notice.

    Point of Contact.  For further information contact:  Clyde G.
    Bryant, Jr., Chief, Compliance Analysis Division, Office of
    Defense Trade Controls, Bureau of Political Military Affairs, U.S.
    Department of State, Washington, D.C.  20522-0602, Phone (703)
    875-6650.  (###)

    ARTICLE 3:

    Notifying Congress
    Update on the Congressional Notification Process and Special
    Handling of "Hill" Cases

    The Arms Export Control Act (AECA) of 1976 requires the President
    to notify the Congress of certain commercial defense trade export
    applications  prior to their  approval.  The President's authority
    has been delegated to the Secretary of State.  Sections 36(c) and
    36(d) of the AECA specifically delineate which cases submitted to
    the Office of Defense Trade Controls (DTC) require Congressional
    notification.

    36(c) cases. Section 36(c) generally covers the following two
    types of license applications:

      --  All exports of defense articles or services sold under a
    contract in the amount of $50 million or more; and

      --  All exports of Major Defense Equipment (MDE) sold under a
    contract in the amount of $14 million or more.

    AECA Section 47(6) defines MDE as Significant Military Equipment
    (SME) having a one-time research and development cost to the U.S.
    Government of $50 million or more, or a total U.S. Government
    procurement cost of $200 million or more.  [The Defense Security
    Assistance Agency (DSAA) at the Department of Defense maintains a
    list of the defense articles categorized as MDE.] This definition
    will also be added to part 120 of the revised International
    Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) when the final rule change is
    published in the Federal Register.  [For completeness, it should
    be noted some retransfers - e.g., sale of U.S. defense articles by
    the 	licensed recipient country to another country of MDE valued
    at $14 million or more, or of defense articles or defense services
    valued at $50 million or more must also be notified to the
    Congress for 30 calendar days prior to DTC approval, pursuant to
    AECA Section 3(d)(3).]

    36(d) cases. Section 36(d) covers the following cases received by
    DTC:

      --  All applications for Technical Assistance Agreements (TAAs)
    and Manufacturing License Agreements (MLAs) involving the
    manufacture of SME for or in a non-NATO country.

    SME is defined in part 120 of the ITAR as articles for which
    special export controls are warranted because of their capacity
    for substantial military utility or capability.  Articles
    designated as SME are preceded by an asterisk on the U.S.
    Munitions List (USML, ITAR Section 121.1).  Additionally, all
    classified defense articles are designated as SME.

    The role of Congress.  The AECA requires that Congress be notified
    at least 30 calendar days before the issuance of any license or
    approval covered by Section 36(c).  Though not required by the
    AECA, DTC will also not issue any agreement notified pursuant to
    Section 36(d) until 30 calendar days have elapsed since the date
    of notification.  This provides Congress with an opportunity to
    review these specific commercial defense transactions.  The
    authority to issue licenses and grant approvals, and the
    responsibility to notify Congress when required, have been
    delegated to the Director of DTC.

    The AECA provides that licenses for proposed exports covered by
    Section 36(c) may generally not be issued if,  within the 30-day
    notification period, Congress enacts a joint resolution
    prohibiting the proposed export.  It  should be noted that while
    the 30-day notification is still required, a joint resolution may
    not be enacted to prohibit issuance of licenses notified under
    Section 36(c)  for export  to NATO, any member country of NATO,
    Japan, Australia or New Zealand.  In such cases, a law
    specifically prohibiting the export would be required.  Similarly,
    a law would be required to prohibit approval of a case notified
    under Section 36(d).

    The review process for  Hill cases.   DTC is making a concerted
    effort, especially in light of the difficult economic situation,
    to be more responsive to the needs of industry in order to enhance
    U.S.  competitiveness abroad.  As a result, DTC is focusing on
    improvements in the timeliness of the licensing review process
    while still taking into full account U.S. national security and
    foreign policy interests.  These efforts certainly apply as well
    to the Congressional notification process.  Clearly, this is
    important since while only 60 of the 92,641 applications received
    in FY91 and FY92 were notified to the Congress, those 60 cases
    represented approximately $6 billion in U.S. defense trade.
    Moreover, although only 30 companies submitted those  60 Hill
    cases, those cases affect hundreds of U.S. subcontractors and
    vendors.

    Despite DTC's best efforts, however, exporters still need to plan
    on a lengthy review process for cases requiring Congressional
    notification.  Applications that require Congressional
    notification represent some of DTC's lengthiest cases for three
    main reasons.

    First, they are often complicated or controversial cases that
    require extensive interagency review.  Second, these cases are
    sometimes submitted before the final contract is completed and
    signed, resulting in DTC having to hold the case after interagency
    review until the contract is provided.  And third, the review
    process for these cases involves two additional stages not
    included in the review process for other cases.
    Congressional notification cases  move through three stages in the
    license review process: (1) DTC and interagency review of the
    case; (2) interagency review of the Congressional notification
    letter; and (3) Congressional notification and related handling.

    Stage one: DTC and interagency case review. The first stage is
    identical to that for all "staffed" cases (i.e., cases referred
    outside of DTC for more detailed technical or policy review).
    This stage involves (a) initial review in DTC, (b) forwarding for
    interagency review, with recommendations sent to DTC by all
    reviewing offices, and (c) final review in DTC, including making a
    final decision based   on the interagency recommendations and
    preparing the final decision letter as required.

    For the 27% of DTC's cases that are staffed, the license review
    process ordinarily ends at this point with either the issuance or
    denial of the application.  For Hill cases, however, the process
    is only one-third complete.

    Stage two: interagency notification review. In the second stage of
    the review process, DTC prepares the Congressional notification
    letter and obtains interagency approval of the text of this
    letter.  To save time, the notification letter is drafted while
    the case is undergoing interagency review in stage one.  However,
    since the letter is dependent upon the outcome of stage one, DTC
    does not begin seeking interagency approval of this letter until a
    final decision has been made in stage one.

    DTC seeks interagency approval of the draft notification letter
    from four offices: the National Security Council (NSC) and the
    Office of Management and Budget (OMB) at the White House, and the
    Office of the Legal Advisor (L/PM) and the Office of the Under
    Secretary for International Security Affairs (T) in the State
    Department.  After obtaining interagency approval of the
    Congressional notification letter, DTC prepares the final package
    to be sent to Congress.

    Stage three: Congressional notification. In the third stage of the
    review process, DTC forwards the Congressional notification
    package to the State Department's Bureau of Legislative Affairs
    (H), which is responsible for sending the package to the
    appropriate members of Congress.  Once the package is sent to the
    Congress, DTC waits 30 calendar days.  Provided a joint resolution
    prohibiting the export is not enacted by Congress, DTC may issue
    the license on the 31st day.

    Special tracking of Hill cases.  In August 1990, DTC created a
    special tracking system for all Hill cases.  Upon arrival in DTC
    and receipt by the appropriate licensing officer, all applications
    are immediately examined to see if they require Congressional
    notification.  If so, a copy of the case is given to the Special
    Projects Licensing Officer (SPLO) in DTC's Arms Licensing Division
    (DTC/ALD), who will then send a letter to the company informing
    them that the case requires Congressional notification.  The  SPLO
    is responsible for tracking Hill cases throughout all three stages
    of the review process to ensure that no case is unnecessarily
    delayed at any point.  As necessary, the SPLO acts to facilitate
    the handling of these cases.

    Time frames for each review stage.  For each stage in the review
    process, DTC has set time guidelines.  For the first stage, DTC
    seeks to adhere to the time frames established for all staffed
    cases, whether Hill cases or not.  The first stage deadlines,
    therefore, are not more than 10 business days for initial DTC
    review, not  more than 20 business days for interagency review,
    and 10 business days for final DTC  review.   In stage two, DTC
    has set a deadline of 10 business days for interagency review of
    the draft Congressional notification letter, and five business
    days for preparation of the final Hill package.  In stage three,
    the Bureau of Legislative Affairs (H) handles each case as quickly
    as the individual case and the legislative environment permits.
    DTC then ordinarily issues the license or approves the agreement
    on the first business day after completion of the 30 (calendar)
    day notification period.

    A joint effort for further gains.  In an effort to further reduce
    the licensing time, DTC is identifying areas in each stage where
    it can expedite the processing of Hill cases.  Likewise, industry
    can also help facilitate the review of Hill cases.  In addition to
    providing the required information normally submitted with any
    application, it is recommended that applicants provide a cover
    letter stating that they believe the attached case requires
    Congressional notification and why.  This letter should also
    explain the scope of the entire program involved, even if the
    application is only for phase one of a multiple phase program.
    Moreover, it should note delivery schedules, relevant contractual
    obligations, and any other information that might be useful in the
    DTC and interagency review process.  DTC is considering publishing
    a suggested cover letter format in a future issue of Defense Trade
    News.

    Point of contact.  If you have any questions concerning the
    progress of one of your pending DTC cases that requires
    Congressional notification, call the SPLO, at (703) 875-6641.  If
    your question, however, pertains to specific details in the case
    itself, please contact the licensing officer handling the case.
    (###)

    ARTICLE 4:

    NATO E-3A Related License Applications
    Special Procedures for NATO AEW Program

    Submit all applications for export licenses for technical data
    and/or hardware that are related to the  NATO E-3A Airborne Early
    Warning (AEW) program directly to:

    ESC/INF-B
    The Boeing Company
    PO Box 3707, Mail Stop 3F-30
    Seattle, WA 98124-2207
    (NOTE:  This is an address for a U.S. Air Force office located at
    the Boeing Company.

    ESC/INF-B will promptly review all license applications received,
    and forward comments and a recommendation regarding approval and
    provisos to the Office of Defense Trade Controls for further
    review and final action.

    Please direct  questions to Ms. Melodie  Campbell at  (206) 657-
    3030.  (###)

    ARTICLE 5:

    Rolled Bars And Ammunition Penetrator Blanks
    Differences Defined and Legislation Discussed

    Rolled Bars.   A rolled bar is a cylindrical piece of metal with
    no distinguishing marks, indentations  or protrusions which would
    identify it as an ammunition penetrator blank.  Rolled bars
    containing depleted uranium are under the export licensing
    jurisdiction of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (10 C.F.R. 110),
    even if they are being exported to be manufactured abroad into
    ammunition penetrators.  Rolled bars not containing depleated
    uranium are under the export licensing jurisdiction of the
    Department of Commerce, even if they are being exported to be
    manufactured abroad into ammunition penetrators.

    Ammunition Penetrator Blanks.  An ammunition penetrator blank is a
    cylindrical piece of metal with distinguishing marks, indentations
    or protrusions that make it clearly identifiable as a defense
    article.  Ammunition penetrator blanks, including those containing
    depleted uranium, are under the export licensing jurisdiction of
    the Department of State (22 C.F.R. 121.10).

    Laws Affecting Export.  Section 551 of Public Law 102-391, dated
    October 6, 1992, a law making appropriations for foreign
    operations, export financing, and related programs for the fiscal
    year ending September 30, 1993, contains the following language
    affecting the export of ammunition and penetrators containing
    depleted uranium:

    "None of the funds provided in this or any other Act may be made
    available to facilitate in any way the sale of M-833 antitank
    shells or any comparable antitank shells containing a depleted
    uranium component to any country other than (1) countries which
    are members of  NATO,  (2)   countries which have been designated
    as a major non-NATO ally for purposes of section 1105 of the
    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1987 or, (3)
    Taiwan:  Provided, that funds may be made available to facilitate
    the sale of such shells notwithstanding the limitations of this
    section if the President determines that to do so is in the
    national security interest of the United States."

    The following is interpretational guidance for this legislation:

    The "funds" referred to in the legislation include not only
    Foreign Military Sales (FMS) credits, but the salaries of U.S.
    Government employees who review commercial export license
    applications.  The legislation applies, therefore, to both
    commercial and government-to-government sales.

    The legislation applies only to antitank shells of equal or
    greater performance than the M-833 containing a depleted uranium
    penetrator and to  individual depleted uranium penetrators.  It
    does not apply to antitank shells with a depleted uranium
    penetrator of lesser performance than the M-833, nor does it apply
    to rolled  bars containing depleted uranium, even if they are
    being exported to be manufactured abroad into ammunition
    penetrators.

    It is permissible to approve the demonstration of M-833 or
    comparable antitank shells containing a depleted uranium
    penetrator (under the auspices of the appropriate exception to the
    National Disclosure Policy) to a country ineligible to purchase
    such rounds if thedemonstration is for the sole purpose of
    illustrating the suitability of other rounds, such as tungsten, as
    a substitute for M-833 rounds.  Such a demonstration is
    interpreted as furthering rather than defeating the purpose of the
    legislation.

    Countries eligible  to receive the M-833 or comparable antitank
    shells containing a depleted uranium penetrator or individual
    depleted uranium penetrators are:

      --  NATO  (Belgium,  Canada,  Denmark, France, Germany, Greece,
    Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
    Turkey,  and the United Kingdom).

      --  Major  non-NATO allies for purposes of Section 1105 of the
    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1987
    (Australia, Egypt, Israel, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan).

    Points of Contact.  For additional information relating to the
    export of these items, contact the appropriate agency and
    individual from the following list:

      --  Department of State
    Peter Dade
    (703) 875-5677

      --  Department of Defense
    Nancy Hindman
    (703) 614-7761

      --  Department of Commerce
    Jeff Tripp
    (202) 482-1309

      --  Nuclear Regulatory Commission
    Betty Wright
    (301) 504-2342

    The point of contact for the contents of this article is Nancy
    Hindman, Department of Defense, (703) 614-7761.   (###)

    ARTICLE 6

    DOS Reorganizes Export Control Functions
    Department of State to Consolidate Export Control Policy and
    Operations in One Bureau

    The Department of State (DOS) is closely reviewing export control
    activities and examining alternative ways of organizing these
    functions.  A single bureau, the Bureau of Political Military
    Affairs (PM), may be given responsibility for most of State's
    export control policy and operations.  The functions of the
    Economic Bureau (EB) and the Bureau of Oceans, Environment and
    Science (OES) for nuclear, dual-use, and other export controls
    will be combined with PM's current responsibilities for arms
    exports and non-proliferation.  As the major processor of
    exportlicenses within the Government  [50,000 munitions licenses
    per annum versus 26,000 licenses at  the Department of Commerce
    (DOC)],  PM already exercises export broad control functions.
    After the reorganization, PM would be responsible for:

      --  Licensing the export of defense articles and services,
      --  Coordinating reviews of licenses from DOC and the Nuclear
    Regulatory Commission (NRC), and for
      --  Establishing related bilateral and multilateral export
    control policy.

    The reorganization is prompted by current unwieldy diffusion of
    export control activities within DOS.  Responsibility for export
    controls is spread across several bureaus, including PM.
    Integration is the key to efficient management of this
    increasingly complex area.  Under the proposed change, State
    Department structure will  be adjusted to reflect the
    reorientation in export controls priorities for strategic trade,
    from the old NATO-Warsaw Pact focus to the new emphasis on
    regional security and nonproliferation.

    The State Department's interest is both to prevent exports that
    might contribute to proliferation and to promote legitimate
    exports that help U.S. industry and the economy.  In centralizing
    responsibility for export controls in one bureau, the Department
    hopes to:

      --  Improve the coherence, consistency and efficiency of the
    Department's s export control activities.
      --  Achieve economies of scale and streamline operations in the
    export control field and focus management responsibility for
    export controls within State.
      --  Strengthen efforts at harmonization both in U.S. control
    regimes and in multilateral control arrangements such as the
    Coordinating Committee for Multi-Lateral Export Controls (COCOM),
    the Australia Group, or the Missle Technology Control Regime
    (MTCR).
      --  Develop and maintain a consensus about export controls among
    the business community, Congress and other U.S. agencies.  (###)

    ARTICLE 7:

    Advisory Opinions
    Procedure to Determine Likelihood of Export Approval

    Persons desiring information as to whether or not the Office of
    Defense Trade Controls  (DTC) would be likely to approve the
    export of specific defense articles or services to a particular
    country (or countries) are encouraged to use DTC's "Advisory
    Opinion" procedure.

    A request for an advisory opinion must be submitted by letter.  It
    must outline in detail the equipment or service, its intended
    usage/application, security classification (if any) of the
    articles or technical data, and the country or countries involved.
    Submit an original and seven copies of the request for advisory
    opinion letter, along with seven copies of descriptive information
    about the defense article, technical data, or defense service.

    Applicants are reminded that opinions DTC renders in response to
    requests for advisory opinions are not binding and carry no
    permission to export.  Additionally, these opinions may be revoked
    as international developments occur.

    Ed's note:  For additional information on Advisory Opinions, see
    the related article, "Identifying Defense Trade Opportunities:
    Use of Advisory Opinions, Technical Data License and Demonstration
    License" on page 14 of Vol. 2, No. 3, July 1991.   (###)

    ARTICLE 8:

    Your Current License Status
    DTC Licensing Division Staff Aides Provide Information

    Applicants wishing to obtain the status of license applications or
    other requests for approval from the Office of Defense Trade
    Controls have a number of options.  Status information can be
    obtained automatically through the Automated License Information
    Status System (ALISS ) from a Touch-Tone phone, or the Remote On-
    Line Bulletin Board (ROBB)  via computer and modem.  (See the
    inside back cover of this issue for the telephone numbers to use
    for either of these systems.)  Before accessing  ALISS,  you must
    first obtain your license application number from the License
    Status Staff.

    Additionally, the  DTC License Status Staff can provide
    information on the current status of your license.

    License Status Staff Members are:
    --  Shirley C. Shields
    --  Anne P. Diemer
    --  Beverly A. Parker

    Telephone hours for this section are 9 am to 12 noon and 2 to 5 pm
    Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except Federal
    holidays).  The telephone number for the License Status Staff is
    (703) 875-6652. (###)

    ARTICLE 9:

    OMB Approves Revised Munitions Application Forms
    Less Paperwork, Easier to Prepare

    The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approved revised
    munitions license application forms on December 22, 1992. The
    revised forms are the result of extensive government-industry
    consultations and should result in a reduced burden on industry
    while also facilitating the government's role in the regulation of
    defense trade.

    The New Line-up. The revised forms are currently being prepared
    for distribution, and should generally be available to applicants
    by the end of April.  The new forms are:

      --  DSP-5 - Application/License for Permanent Export of
    Unclassified Defense Articles and Related Unclassified Technical
    Data.
      --  DSP-61 - Application/License for Temporary Import of
    Unclassified Defense Articles
      --  DSP-73 - Application/License for Temporary Export of
    Unclassified Defense Articles.
      --  DSP-85 - Application/License for Permanent/Temporary Export
    or Temporary Import of Classified Defense Articles and Related
    Classified Technical Data.

    In addition to the above revisions of existing forms, OMB has
    approved distribution of a new form:

      --  DSP-119 - Application for Amendment to License for Export or
    Import of Classified or Unclassified Defense Articles and Related
    Technical Data.

    The DSP-119 establishes a uniform procedure for requesting
    amendments to licenses, which should reduce the amount of time
    currently spent by defense firms in preparing amendment requests.
    It will also enable the Office of Defense Trade Controls (DTC) to
    maintain better control over the processing of amendment requests.

    Instructions Clarified. A major improvement of the new forms over
    their predecessors is that instructions have been completely
    rewritten to remove ambiguity and expandedto cover areas that have
    been problems in the past.  Beginning in November 1991, a
    government-industry group conducted a line-by-line analysis of the
    instructions, reviewing them for clarity, completeness and
    uniformity from form to form. The instructions were then revised
    with two major objectives in mind:

    . -- Anticipate questions and problem areas and address them in
    the instructions, and
      -- Keep the forms simple so that a first-time exporter will be
    able to complete the form without the assistance of an attorney.

    Less Paperwork Required. Another objective of the government-
    industry consultations was to reduce the paperwork burden on
    applicants wherever it could be done without compromising foreign
    policy or national security considerations. There are a number of
    breakthroughs in this area.

      --  The certification required under Section 126.13 of the
    International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) has been made a
    part of the application (see page 15).

    Although this means that forms must now be signed by empowered
    officials of the applicant, this incorporation eliminates the need
    to submit a separate Section 126.13 certification letter with each
    application. For applicants with a high volume of exporting this
    should result in significant savings.

      -- The certification required under Part 130 of  the ITAR
    regarding political contributions, commissions and fees, when it
    is negative, is also now a part of the application.  If there have
    been contributions, commissions or fees, a separate report must
    still be submitted.

    Both of the above certifications can be accomplished on the new
    forms by simply checking the appropriate box the reverse side of
    Copy 1 of the form.

    Good-bye Carbon Paper. The new forms will be printed on chemically
    treated carbonless paper, eliminating the messy job of inserting
    the legal size carbon sheets. Applicants will now only have to
    remove  the  instruction sheet,  insert  the form in a typewriter,
    fill it out, sign it, and turn Copy 1 over to check the
    appropriate box on the back before sending it to DTC.

    Some Other Changes.  Some design changes were made on the face of
    forms to enable collection of all the information about a proposed
    transaction required to adequately evaluate it from a foreign
    policy and national security standpoint.  At the same time,
    efforts were made to:

       --  Standardize block content and placement on all application
    forms,
      --  Minimize the completion time, and to
      --  Reduce paperwork to the minimum required.

    For the first few months after the forms are made available to the
    public, DTC will continue to supply forms to all requestors. Plans
    are underway, however, to transfer this function to the Government
    Printing Office (GPO).  The tentative date for the change over is
    August 1, 1993, after which applicants must purchase bulk forms
    from one of the 24 GPO. bookstores nation-wide.  DTC will continue
    to provide limited quantities (up to 5 copies) to applicants
    requesting them. Forms ordering information will be provided in a
    future issue of Defense Trade News.  Old versions of the forms can
    continue to be used until they are exhausted.

    DTC welcomes user comments on the forms. Written comments can be
    sent to the Executive Editor of Defense Trade News, at the address
    shown on the inside back cover of this issue, or can be datafaxed
    to (703) 875-6647.(###)

    Checklist for Using New Munitions Applications Forms

    1. Remove the instruction sheet before placing the form in the
    typewriter.  Read the instructions carefully before beginning to
    complete the form.
    2. Assemble all required documentation.
    3. Type carefully, checking names, descriptions, prices,
    destinations, categories, addresses, etc., for correctness.
    4. Complete the face of the form, checking  it for correctness.
    Check the appropriate boxes and sign the certification in the
    lower right hand portion of the form.  The form must be signed by
    an Empowered Official of the Applicant.
    5. Turn Copy 1 of the form over to the reverse and check the
    appropriate boxes.

    Applications submitted without checkmarks in the appropriate boxes
    on the reverse of Copy 1 will be returned without action to
    applicant.  The signaturor on the face of the form is also
    verifying the information on the reverse.

    [NOTE:  The application form mentioned above is not included in
    this electronic version of the Defense Trade News.  Please obtain
    a hard copy of this publication for the application form.]

    ARTICLE 10:

    A Guide to Visiting DTC
    Dining and Lodging in the Rosslyn Area

    Increased Industry presence at DTC.  In response to the DTC
    training seminar program (see Training Form, page 42) offered by
    the Office Of Defense Trade Controls (DTC)  , more out-of-town
    industry personnel are now visiting DTC offices  in Rosslyn, VA.
    To aid these representatives in their lodging and dining needs
    while in the area, DTC contacted the Arlington County Convention
    and Visitors Service.  The following information on restaurants
    and hotels is reprinted from their 1992 Visitors Information
    Package.   Prior to traveling you may receive additional
    information  about attractions and calendar of upcoming events by
    contacting them directly at:

    Arlington County Convention & Visitors Service
    #1 Courthouse Plaza, Suite 608
    2100 Clarendon Blvd.
    Arlington, VA 22201
    (703) 358-3520

    When in town, interested parties may also stop by their offices
    at:

    Visitors Center
    735 S 18th StreetArlington, VA  22202
    (703) 358-5720

    Although DTC provides this information for your convenience, we
    assume no responsi-bility for the contents which were provided by
    Arlington County.

    The Restaurant Guide
    For  the visitor's convenience, the restaurants listed are located
    in the immediate area of the Rosslyn Metrorail station on the
    orange and blue lines, and are all within walking distance of DTC.
    While prices are not listed, a cost guide is given based on the
    purchase of an average entree.   The price ranges  are:

    --  Economical = less than $6;
    -- Moderate = $ 6 - $15;
    --  Higher = greater than $15.

    APPETIZER PLUS
    1117  N. 19th St
    Japanese
    Moderate
    525-3171

    ARLINGTON GRILL
    1713  Wilson Blvd.
    American/Deli
    Economical
    527-1508

    BELLA VISTA RISTORANTE
    1000  Wilson Blvd.   (in USA Today Bldg.)
    Northern Italian
    Higher
    528-2600

    BRASSERIE & COFFEE SHOP
    1700  N. Moore St.
    American
    Moderate
    521-1900

    GARDEN RESTAURANT
    1900  N. Moore St.
    Cantonese Chinese
    Moderate-Higher
    525-5317

    COMMONWEALTH CARRYOUT
    1300  Wilson Blvd.
    Luncheon carryout
    Economical
    528-1123

    DOMINO'S PIZZA
    1401  Wilson Blvd.
    Moderate
    276-1400

    FAR EAST RESTAURANT
    1401  Wilson Blvd.  (entrance on N. Oak St.)
    Chinese
    Economical
    525-3366

    GENERAL'S CLUB  (in Quality Inn Iwo Jima)
    1501 Arlington Blvd.
    American/Continental
    Moderate
    841-0391

    HOLIDAY INN RESTAURANT (in Holiday Inn Key Bridge)
    1850  N. Ft. Myer Dr.
    American/Continental
    Moderate
    522-0400

    HUGO'S  (in Hyatt Arlington)
    1325  Wilson Blvd.
    Italian American
    Moderate-Higher
    525-1234

    HUNAN PALACE
    1812  N. Moore St.
    Chinese
    Moderate
    528-8I88

    JACKIE'S COOKIE CONNECTION
    1700  N. Moore St.
    Cookies, muffins, rolls
    Economical
    276-9404

    JON'S COFFEE SHOP
    18OO  N. Kent St.
    American
    Economical
    528-4324

    KABUL CARAVAN
    1725 Wilson Blvd.
    Afghan
    Moderate
    522-8394

    LA GROCERIA
    1901 N. Moore St., 2nd Floor
    Deli & Carryout
    Economical
    527-8628

    LA PIAZZA
    1819  N. Lynn St.
    Italian/Mexican
    Moderate
    528-1323

    LA ROSE RESTAURANT
    1515  Wilson Blvd.
    Cafeteria
    Economical-Moderate
    525-2900

    COPACABANA
    1401  Wilson Blvd.
    Mexican/Salvadorian/American
    Economical
    276-7672

    LONE STAR GRILL
    1819  N. Lynn St
    Tex Mex
    Moderate
    528-1323

    LUCKY PEARL CAFE & CARRYOUT
    1111  N. 19th St.
    Chinese
    Economical-Moderate
    522-9620

    LUNCH CORNER
    1810  N. Moore St.
    Cafeteria
    Economical
    528-0770

    LYNN STREET CAFE
    1735  N. Lynn St.
    Deli Sandwiches/Carryout
    Economical
    525-0384

    MANHATTAN DELI
    1655  N. Ft Myer Dr.
    New York Style Deli
    Moderate
    527-0066

    MARRIOTT CAFE   (in Key Bridge Marriott)
    1401  Lee Hwy.
    American/Continental
    Moderate
    524-6400

    MCDONALD'S
    1823  N. Moore St.
    American Fast food
    Economical
    528-1259

    ORESTE CAFE
    1813  N.  Lynn St.
    Deli/Subs & Sandwiches
    Economical
    522-4455

    ORIENT EXPRESS
    1700  N. Moore St., 2nd Floor
    Chinese-Vietnamese Luncheon Cafeteria
    Economical
    527-5022

    PASTA NOSTRA
    1721  Wilson Blvd.
    Italian
    Moderate
    527-5515

    PHO 75 RESTAURANT
    1711  Wilson Blvd.
    Vietnamese
    Economical-Moderate
    525-7355

    QUARTERDECK
    1200  N. Ft Myer Dr.
    Seafood Crabs/Pizza
    Moderate
    528-CRAB

    RED HOT & BLUE
    1600  Wilson Blvd.
    American BBQ
    Economical-Moderate
    276-7427

    ROSSLYN CAFETERIA
    1701 N. Ft. Myer Dr.
    International
    Economical
    841-0042

    ROSSLYN GOURMET
    1611  N. Kent St.
    New York-Style Deli
    Economical
    276-0372

    ROSSLYN GOURMET DELI
    1525  Wilson Blvd.
    Carry out sandwiches
    Economical
    525-1187

    ROSSLYN SUBWAY SANDWICH SHOP
    1550  Wilson Blvd.
    Subs & Salads
    Economical
    243-3663

    ROY ROGERS
    1801  N. Moore St.
    American Fast Food
    Economical
    243-4354
    SANTA FE CAFE
    1500 Wilson Blvd.
    Southwest American-Mexican
    Moderate
    276-0361

    SPOUTS RUN (in Hyatt Arlington)
    1325  Wilson Blvd.
    French Bistro
    Moderate
    525-1234

    STAR OF SIAM OF ROSSLYN
    1735  N. Lynn St.
    Thai
    Moderate
    524-1207

    SZECHUAN GOURMET
    1812  N. Moore St.
    Hunan & Sechuan Chinese
    Moderate
    528-8188

    THAI HOUSE RESTAURANT
    1731-1733  Wilson Blvd.
    Thai
    Moderate
    527-5772

    THAI TREAT
    1401  Wilson Blvd.
    Thai/Oriental
    Economical
    525-2969

    THE CAMBOIAN RESTAURANT
    1727  Wilson Blvd.
    Cambodian
    Moderate
    522-3832

    THE FAIRFIELD INN (in Key Bridge Marriott)
    1401  Lee Hwy.
    American
    Moderate-Higher
    524-6400

    THE GREAT EATERY
    1000  Wilson Blvd.
    Chinese/ltalian/Deli
    Economical
    527-2110

    THE PAWNSHOP ROSSLYN RESTAURANT
    1911  N. Ft. Myer Dr.
    American TexMex/Raw Bar
    Moderate
    522-7400

    THE ROSSLYN ROOM RESTAURANT & LOUNGE (in Holiday Inn Key Bridge)
    1850  N Ft. Myer Dr.
    Continental
    Moderate
    522-0400

    THE VIEW RESTAURANT/LOUNGE (in Key Bridge Marriott)
    1401  Lee Hwy.
    Continental/American
    Higher
    524-6400

    TIVOLI RESTAURANT & LOUNGE
    1700  N. Moore St.
    Italian Evolutionary
    Higher
    524-8900

    TIVOLI GOURMET DELI & PASTRY SHOP
    1700  N Moore St.
    Deli Sandwiches, Salads & Pastries
    Economical-Moderate
    524-8904

    TOM SARRIS' ORLEANS HOUSE
    1213  Wilson Blvd.
    American/Prime Rib/Salad Bar
    Moderate
    524-2929

    VANTAGE POINT  (in Rosslyn Westpark)
    1900  N. Ft. Myer Dr.
    American/Continental
    Moderate-Higher
    527-4814

    VERANDA LOUNGE (in Key Bridge Marriott)
    1401  Lee Hwy.
    Sandwiches
    Moderate
    524-6400

    VIET CAMBODIAN RESTAURANT
    1727 Wilson Blvd.
    Cambodian
    Economical
    522-3832

    VILLAGE BISTRO
    1723  Wilson Blvd.
    American/Continental
    Moderate
    522-0284

    WEST PARK CAFE  (in Rosslyn Westpark)
    1900 N. Ft. Myer Dr.
    Economical
    527-4814

    WHY NOT BOB'S DELI
    1401  Wilson Blvd.
    Sandwiches
    Economical
    524-6337

    The Hotel Guide

    The listed accommodations are located in the immediate vicinity of
    DTC's Rosslyn office, Washington National Airport, the Rosslyn and
    Ballston Metrorail stations, and the Pentagon City and Crystal
    City central business districts.  For current pricing information,
    airport and downtown Rosslyn shuttle services,  and parking
    arrangements, contact the hotel directly.

    BED AND BREAKFAST FACILITIES
    CRYSTAL BED & BREAKFAST
    2620   S. Fern Street
    Arlington, Virginia  22202
    (703) 548-7652 Phone

    MEMORY HOUSE
    6404   N. Washington Blvd.
    Arlington, Virginia 22205
    (703) 534-4607 Phone

    BUDGET HOTELS
    AMERICANA HOTEL
    1400   Jefferson Davis Hwy.
    Arlington, Virginia 22202
    (703) 979-3772 Phone
    (703) 979-0547 Fax
    100 Rooms

    CHERRY BLOSSOM TRAVELODGE
    3030 Columbia Pike
    Arlington, Virginia 22204
    (703) 521-5570 Phone
    (703) 271-0081 Fax
    76 Rooms

    CRYSTAL CITY MOTOR INN
    901   S. Clark Street
    Arlington, Virginia 22202
    (703) 979-1900 Phone
    (703) 486-3530 Fax
    46 Rooms

    DAYS INN ARLINGTON/ROSSLYN
    2201   Arlington Blvd.
    Arlington, Virginia 22201
    (703) 525-0300 Phone
    (703) 525-5671 Fax
    129 Rooms

    ECONO-LODGE
    3335   Lee Hwy.
    Arlington, Virginia 22207
    (703) 524-9800 Phone
    55 Rooms

    ECONO-LODGE ARLINGTON WEST
    6800   Lee Hwy.
    Arlington, Virginia 22213
    (703) 538-5300 Phone
    47 Rooms

    ECONO-LODGE NAT'L. AIRPORT
    2485 S. Glebe Road
    Arlington,  Virginia 22206
    (703) 979-4100 Phone
    (703) 979-6120 Fax
    161 Rooms

    HIGHLANDER MOTOR INN
    3336   Wilson Blvd.
    Arlington, Virginia 22201
    (703) 524-4300 Phone
    46 Rooms

    MOTEL FIFTY
    1601 Arlington Blvd.
    Arlington, Virginia 22209
    (703) 524-3400 Phone
    38 Rooms

    MID-RANGE HOTELS
    BEST WESTERN ARLINGTON
    2480   S. Glebe Road
    Arlington, Virginia 22206
    (703) 979-4400 Phone
    (703) 685-0051 Fax
    325 Rooms

    COMFORT INN ARLINGTON/BALLSTON
    1211   N. Glebe Road
    Arlington, Virginia 22201
    (703 )247-3399 Phone
    (703) 524-8739 Fax
    126 Rooms

    COURTYARD by  MARRIOTT CRYSTAL CITY
    2899   Jefferson Davis Hwy.
    Arlington, Virginia 22202
    (703) 549-3434 Phone
    (703) 549-0320 Fax
    272 Rooms

    COURTYARD by MARRIOTT  ROSSLYN
    1533  Clarendon Blvd.
    Arlington, Virginia 22209
    (703) 528-2222 Phone
    (703) 528-1027 Fax
    162 Rooms

    DAYS HOTEL CRYSTAL CITY
    2000   Jefferson Davis Hwy.
    Arlington, Virginia 22202
    (703) 920-8600 Phone
    (703) 920-2840 Fax
    47 Rooms

    HOLIDAY INN ARLINGTON at BALLSTON
    4610   N. Fairfax Drive
    Arlington,  Virginia 22203
    (703) 243-9800 Phone
    (703) 527-2677 Fax
    221 Rooms

    HOLIDAY INN KEY BRIDGE
    1850   N. Ft. Myer Drive
    Arlington, Virginia 22209
    (703) 522-0400 Phone
    (703) 524-5275 Fax
    177 Rooms

    HOLIDAY INN NAT'L. AIRPORT
    1489   Jefferson Davis Hwy.
    Arlington, Virginia 22202
    (703) 521-1600 Phone
    (703) 920-1236 Fax
    308 Rooms

    HOWARD JOHNSON NAT'L. AIRPORT
    2650   Jefferson Davis Hwy.
    Arlington, Virginia 22202
    (703) 684-7200 Phone
    (703) 684-3217 Fax
    276 Rooms

    QUALITY HOTEL ARLINGTON
    1200    N. Courthouse Road
    Arlington, Virginia 22201
    (703) 524-4000 Phone
    (703) 524-1046 Fax
    400 Rooms

    QUALITY INN IWO JIMA
    1501   Arlington Blvd.
    Arlington, Virginia 22209
    (703) 524-5000 Phone
    (703) 522-5484 Fax
    150 Rooms

    ROSSLYN WESTPARK
    1900    N. Ft. Myer Drive
    Arlington, Virginia22209
    (703) 527-4814 Phone
    (703) 522-7480 Fax
    308 Rooms

    SHERATON NATIONAL
    Columbia Pike at Washington Blvd.
    Arlington, Virginia 22204
    (703) 521-1900 Phone
    (703) 521-2122 Fax
    431 Rooms

    DELUXE HOTELS
    CRYSTAL CITY MARRIOTT
    1999   Jefferson Davis Hwy.
    Arlington, Virginia22202
    (703) 413-5500 Phone
    (703) 413-0185 Fax
    340 Rooms

    CRYSTAL GATEWAY MARRIOTT
    1700   Jefferson Davis Hwy.
    Arlington,  Virginia 22202
    (703) 920-3230 Phone
    (703) 979-6332 Fax
    700 Rooms

    DOUBLETREE HOTEL NAT'L. AIRPORT
    300   Army-Navy Drive
    Arlington, Virginia 22202
    (703) 892-4100 Phone
    (703) 521-0286 Fax
    635 Rooms

    EMBASSY SUITES
    1300   Jefferson Davis Hwy.
    Arlington, Virginia 22202
    (703) 979-9799 Phone
    (703) 920-5947 Fax
    267 Rooms

    HYATT ARLINGTON
    1325   Wilson Blvd.
    Arlington,  Virginia 22209
    (703) 525-1234 Phone
    (703) 525-1476 Fax
    303 Rooms

    HYATT REGENCY CRYSTAL CITY
    2799   Jefferson Davis Hwy.
    Arlington, Virginia 22202
    (703) 418-1234 Phone
    (703) 418-1233 Fax
    685 Rooms

    KEY BRIDGE MARRIOTT HOTEL
    1401   Lee Hwy.
    Arlington,  Virginia 22209
    (703) 524- 6400 Phone
    (703) 243-3280 Fax
    678 Rooms

    RENAISSANCE  HOTEL  - ARLINGTON at BALLSTON METRO CENTER
    950   N. Stafford Street
    Arlington, Virginia 22203
    (703) 528-6000 Phone
    (703) 528-4386 Fax
    209 Rooms

    THE  RITZ CARLTON  - PENTAGON CITY
    1250   S. Hayes Street
    Arlington, Virginia 22202
    (703) 415-5000 Phone
    (703) 41 -5060 Fax
    345 Rooms

    SHERATON CRYSTAL CITY
    1800 Jefferson Davis Hwy.
    Arlington, Virginia 22202
    (703) 486-1111  Phone
    (703) 979-3556 Fax
    197 Rooms

    STOUFFER CONCOURSE HOTEL at NAT'L. AIRPORT
    2399 Jefferson Davis Hwy.
    Arlington, Virginia 22202
    (703) 418-6800 Phone
    (703) 418-3762 Fax
    386 Rooms (###)

    ARTICLE 11:

    Where in the World Is It?
    Using DOS Geographic Regions to Speed Licensing

    License applications for some exports (i.e. temporary exports of
    defense articles, and exports of technical data) can contain more
    than  one country  in the block  indicating 'country of ultimate
    destination.'  In order to facilitate the processing of
    applications, however, the Office of Defense Trade Controls (DTC)
    asks that a separate application be submitted for each major
    geographical region.

    Grouping reduces work load.  To submit a DSP -73 for Temporary
    Export, or a DSP- 5 for Permanent Export of Technical Data for the
    same item to several countries on the same application,
    consolidate these requests onto  a single application.  This
    significantly reduces the work load of  both the applicant and the
    reviewing Bureau.  A service to our readers, we provide the
    following listing of countries and territories, grouped by
    Department of State regional bureau, or geographic region.    (See
    the related listing by country  in "Publications for Exporters".)

    Africa - Bureau of African Affairs (AF)
    Angola
    Benin
    Botswana
    British Indian Ocean Territory
    Burkina Faso
    Burundi
    Cameroon
    Cape Verde
    Central African
    Chad Republic
    Comoros
    Congo
    Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
    Djibouti
    Equatorial Guinea
    Ethiopia
    Gabon
    Gambia
    Ghana
    Guinea-Bissau
    Guinea
    Kenya
    Lesotho
    Liberia
    Madagascar
    Malawi
    Mali, Republic of
    Mauritania
    Mauritius
    Mozambique
    Namibia
    Niger
    Nigeria
    Rwanda
    Sao Tome and Principe
    Senegal
    Seychelles
    Sierra Leone
    Somalia
    South Africa,  Republic of
    Sudan
    Swaziland
    Tanzania
    Togo
    Uganda
    Zaire, Republic of
    Zambia
    Zimbabwe

    East Asia and Pacific Region - Bureau  of East  Asian and Pacific
    Affairs (EAP)
    Australia
    Brunei
    Burma
    Cambodia
    China, People's
    Cook Islands Republic of
    Fiji
    French Polynesia
    Hong Kong
    Indonesia
    Japan
    Kiribati
    Korea, North
    Korea, South
    Laos
    Macau
    Malaysia
    Marshall Islands
    Micronesia
    Mongolia
    Nauru
    New Caledonia
    New Zealand
    Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of
    Palau
    Papua New  Guinea
    Philippines
    Singapore
    Solomon Islands
    Taiwan
    Thailand
    Tonga
    Tuvalu
    Vanuatu
    Vietnam
    Western Samoa

    Europe and Canada - Bureau of European and Canadian Affairs (EUR)
    Albania
    Andorra
    Armenia +
    Austria
    Azerbaijan +
    Belgium
    Bermuda
    Bosnia and  Herzegovina *
    Bulgaria
    Belarus  +
    Canada
    Croatia *
    Cyprus
    Czechoslovakia
    Czech Republic
    Denmark
    Estonia
    Finland
    France
    Georgia +
    Germany
    Gibraltar
    Greece
    Greenland
    Hungary
    Iceland
    Lithuania
    Luxembourg
    Malta
    Moldova  +
    Monaco
    Netherlands
    Norway
    Poland
    Romania
    Russia  +
    San Marino
    Serbia
    Slovak Republic
    Slovenia*
    Spain
    Sweden
    Switzerland
    Tajikistan +
    Turkey
    Turkmenistan +
    Ukraine  +
    United Kingdom
    Uzbekistan +
    Vatican
    *  formerly Yugoslavia
    + formerly USSR

    The Americas - Bureau of Inter-American Affairs (ARA)
    Antigua and Barbuda
    Argentina
    Bahamas
    Barbados
    Belize
    Bolivia
    Brazil
    Chile
    Columbia
    Costa Rica
    Cuba
    Dominica
    Dominican Republic
    Ecuador
    El Salvador
    French Antilles
    Grenada
    Guadeloupe
    Guatemala
    Guyana
    Haiti
    Honduras
    Jamaica
    Martinique
    Mexico
    Netherlands Antilles
    Nicaragua
    Panama
    Paraguay
    Peru
    Suriname
    Trinidad and Tobago
    Uruguay
    Venezuela

    The Near East - Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs (NEA)
    Algeria
    Egypt
    Iran
    Iraq
    Israel
    Jordan
    Kuwait
    Lebanon
    Libya
    Morocco
    Oman
    Qatar
    Saudi Arabia
    Syria
    Tunisia
    United Arab Emirates
    Yemen

    South Asia - Bureau of South Asian Affairs (SA)
    Afghanistan
    Bangladesh
    Bhutan
    India
    Maldives
    Nepal
    Pakistan
    Sri Lanka  (###)

    DEPARTMENTS

    ARTICLE 12:

    US Customs at DTC
    The Automated Export System

    Ed's note:  The following article first appeared in The Exporter,
    January 1992, and is reprinted here in its entirety with
    permission of the publisher.  The  U.S. Customs point of contact
    has been updated to reflect current personnel.

    Customs has outlined a program for automating the export process-
    in part to collect and admitted $18 million in under-collected
    Harbor Use Fees and to keep in line with their stated goal of
    replacing paper with the electronic transmission of trade data.

    Stewart Hauser, representative of the  National Council of Brokers
    and Freight Association (NCBFA), said that "forwarders will play a
    major part in developing the system which will enhance the
    forwarder's role" in the export process.  He commented that all of
    the players are cooperating.  (In fact, the hallmark of U.S.
    Customs Commissioner Hallet's tenure is cooperation between
    Customs and industry.)

    Outline of Automated System
    Provided by U.S. Customs
    In cooperation with other government agencies and the trade
    community, Customs is in the process of developing an automated
    system for electronically collecting export documentation.  This
    documentation includes manifests,  Shippers  Export  Declarations
    (SEDs) , and licenses subject to export controls.

    The system, which will be called AES, will eliminate many of the
    current labor intensive manual  processes involved in producing,
    transporting, reviewing and storing export documents.

    When all parties to the export shipment transaction are automated,
    Customs envisions the following system flow:

    The exporter/shipper will prepare the information for the SED and
    will then transmit that information directly to Customs or Census,
    or will provide the data to his freight forwarder.  If the
    exporter is contracting directly with the carrier, the carrier may
    provide the information through AES or the Census monthly filer
    program if the exporter does not have an automated interface.

    The freight forwarder will supply the information needed on the
    house/subhouse bills of lading for each shipment on a specific
    vessel, plane or train.  This information will be added to the SED
    data in the Customs AES system and will form the basis for
    construction the full manifest.

    The carrier will provide the remaining bill of lading information
    including the date and time of  departure for those shipments for
    which  previous information has been received.  In some cases, the
    carrier will provide all the manifest and SED data when the other
    parties to the transaction do not have an automated interface.

    The Customs computer system will, using one of the currently
    accepted electronic data interchange standards (EDIFACT, ANSI
    X.12, ARINC, Customs ABI type messages), accumulate data as it
    comes in from various sources, make it immediately available to
    interested government agencies, and eventually build an electronic
    outbound manifest with the associated SED data, including the
    automated decrementing of export licenses for any agency which
    currently imposes export controls, or may do so in the future.

    Basic edits and validations will take place to ensure the accuracy
    of data for developing trade statistics; however the goal of the
    system is to expedite, not delay the movement of exported cargo.

    The customs inspector will be able, from a central location, to
    review export documentation on a terminal connected to the AES
    system.  Data will be sorted to allow the most efficient use of
    the inspector's time, i.e. licensable commodities will appear
    first, followed by shipments which have not been previously
    reviewed.  The inspector will be able to electronically notify the
    carrier, freight forwarder or exporter of any shipment which needs
    to be inspected.  Exported merchandise will be presumed to be
    released unless one of the parties to the transaction is notified
    differently.

    Periodically, Customs will transmit to the Bureau of Census all
    the SED data collected in AES.  Census will use this data as an
    input to their automated system to compile trade statistics for
    exports.

    As export licenses are fully decremented through AES, other
    agencies such as the State Department, the Bureau of Export
    Administration (BXA) or the Drug Enforcement Agency will receive
    electronic notification of the transactions which were applied to
    a particular license.

    All the data that is collected electronically will be stored in a
    central database which will be available for access by government
    agencies involved in exports.  This database will provide a
    mechanism for assessing trade patterns, validating drawback claims
    and harbor maintenance  fees,  and  establishing time frames for
    the clearance of exported cargo.

    For more information, contact Charles Armstrong, U.S. Customs, at
    (202) 376-7000. (###)

    ARTICLE 13:

    Commodity Jurisdiction Determinations
    The following chart provides selected commodity jurisdiction (CJ)
    determinations.  The commodity descriptions are intentionally
    general to ensure the confidentiality of all proprietary
    information related to individual cases. These determinations
    apply only to the specific commodity reviewed in the CJ process.
    If you believe one of your products is  similar to one of those
    listed as having been placed on the Commerce Department's Commerce
    Control List (CCL), please submit a CJ request letter (ITAR
    120.5).  Please refer to the articles "Guidelines for Preparing CJ
    Requests" and "CJs for Mass Market Software" (Vol. 3, No. 4, Oct
    1992) and "Class and Multiple CJ Requests" (Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan
    1992)  for guidance in preparing the CJ request letter.

    COMMODITY
    JURISDICTION

    Ablative Material, Designed for Military and Space Application
    USML IV(f)

    Accelerometer, Designed for the Oil Industry in Downhole Drilling
    CCL 7A94F

    Aircraft Engines, Rotary
    CCL**

    Air Speed Data System, Designed for Military Aircraft
    USML VIII(j)

    Air Traffic Control Radar, Portable, Ground-Based, Designed for
    Military Application
    USML XI(a)(3)

    Airbag Inflators and Seat Belt Tensioners
    CCL 9A96G

    Aircraft Engine and Auxiliary Systems Monitoring System
    CCL 7A94F

    Algorithm, for Data Encryption, not Incorporated into a  Finished
    Software Product
    USML XIII(b)(1)

    Aluminum Alloys Specifically Designed as Armor for Defense
    Articles
    USML XIII(d)
    In the Form of Plates, Forgings, Castings, Welding Consumables,
    and Rolled and Extruded Shapes That Have Been Specifically
    Designed or  Modified for Defense Articles
    USML XIII(d)
    Otherwise CCL **

    Aluminum Powder, Containing Spherical Particles of 60 Micrometers
    or Less Manufactured from Material with Aluminum Content of  99%
    or More  [See 121.12 (a) (1)]
    USML V(a)

    Ammunition, Non-Lethal, for Training Purposes
    USML III(a)

    Angular Rate Sensor, Designed for Military Application
    USML XII(d)

    Antennas and Accessories, Commercial
    CCL 5A02A

    Armor, for Ballistic Protection of Vehicles, Aircraft, & Ships
    USML XIII(d)

    Automated Teller Machine
    CCL Category 5

    Automated Voice System, for Use in Banking Applications
    CCL 5D13A

    Automotive Yaw Sensor
    CCL **

    Banking Equipment, containing DES for PIN Encryption
    In Object Code
    CCL **
    In Source Code
    USML XIII(b)(1)

    Black Powder, Made with Potassium Nitrate or Sodium Nitrate
    CCL **

    Bore Sighter
    CCL **

    Calcium Resinate
    CCL **

    Compensators, for Firearms
    CCL **

    Cellular Telephone Monitoring System
    USML XI(b)

    Ceramic Fiber, Specifically Designed for Military Applications
    USML IV(f)

    Circulator, Specifically Designed for Use in an Air-to-Air Missile
    USML IV(h)

    Command, Control, Communication, and Intelligence System
    USML XI(a)(5)

    Compensators, for Firearms
    CCL **

    Computer Programs and Services Related to Naval Vessel Maintenance
    and Logistics
    USML VI(f)

    Computer Workstation, Ruggedized and meeting TEMPEST standards
    USML XI(b)(3)

    Computer Workstations and Monitors, Ruggedized and Modified for
    Military Application
    USML XI(a)

    Control Unit, Hand-held, for Industrial Applications
    CCL **

    Cooling Unit Not Specifically Designed for Military Use
    CCL 2A96G
    When Specifically Modified for Use in USML Articles or
    Incorporated into USML Articles
    USML Note 1

    Countermeasures System, Designed to Detect Eavesdropping Devices
    CCL 5A96G

    Dehydrator, Designed for a Naval Vessel
    USML VI(b)

    Drive Shaft, Designed for Civil and Military Helicopters
    CCL 9A94F

    Electric Generator Set, Diesel Engine Powered not Designed,
    Modified, or Configured for Military Application
    CCL 2A94F

    Engines and Their Components, Vehicle
    Those Engines and Their Components That are Not Specifically
    Designed, Modified, or Configured for Military Application
    CCL *
    Those Engines That are Specifically Designed, Modified, or
    Configured for Military Application
    USML VII(g)
    Components That are Specifically Designed, Modified, or Configured
    for Military Application
    USML VII(h)
    Engines That Contain Components That are Specifically Designed,
    Modified, or Configured for Military Application
    USML VII(g)

    Evaluation Board, for DES chips
    USML XIII(b)(5)

    Ferrite Switches, Circulators, and Isolators Specifically
    Designed, Modified, or Configured for Military or Space
    Application
    USML Note 1
    Radiation Hardened to Meet or Exceed All of the Following
    Radiation Hardening Levels:
          Total Dose     5 X 10 EXP 5 Rads (SI )
          Dose Rate Upset     5 X 10 EXP 8 Rads (SI)/Sec.
          Single-Event Upset     1 X 10 EXP 7 Error/Bit/Day
          Neutron     1 X 10 EXP 14 N/cm2
          Latch-Up     Latch-up Free
    Otherwise
    CCL 3A96

    Fiber Optic Gyro (FOG) Chip, Not Designed for Military Application
    CCL **

    Frequency Agile Magnetron Tubes & Components
    USML XI(d)

    Frequency Agile Signal Simulator
    USML XI(b)

    Fuel cell Power Plant, Specifically Designed for the Space Shuttle
    USML VIII(i)

    Related Technical Data
    USML VIII(k)

    Fuel cell Power System, for Manned Submersible
    CCL 8A02A

    Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits
    (MMICs) in the 2-25 GHz Range Utilizing 0.5 Micron Ion-Implanted
    MESFET and  PIN Diode Technologies
    CCL **

    Technical Data Relating to the Manufacture and Production of These
    GaAs MMICs
    USML XI(e)

    Glass, Designed for Nuclear Weapons Applications
    USML XVI(a)

    Gloves Designed to Protect Against Chemical and Biological Warfare
    Agents
    USML X(c)

    Designed for Commercial Industrial Use
    CCL OA96G

    GPS Receiver Engine, C/A Code, Designed for Use by Commercial
    Airlines
    CCL 7A94F

    Ground Station for Remote Sensing Satellite
    USML VIII(j)

    Gyro Stabilizers and Accessories, Designed for Commercial
    Application
    CCL Category 7

    Gyro, Designed for Military Application
    USML XII(d)

    Hardware, Employing Encryption for Access Control and Copy
    Protection Only
    CCL 5AllA

    Headsets, Modified for Military Aircraft Applications
    USML X(a)

    Ignitors, Specifically Designed for Fireworks
    CCL **

    Image Generator, Part of a Training Simulator System
    CCL **

    Infrared Imaging Systems, Configured for Military Use
    USML XII(c)

    Initiators, Electrical, Designed for Automotive Airbag Restraint
    Systems
    CCL **

    Integrated Circuits, Specifically Designed for a Military Radio
    USML XI(d)

    Kevlar In fiber, fabric, or yarn form
    CCL lC96G

    Kevlar products specifically designed, modified, or configured for
    military application
    USML Note 1

    Kevlar products not specifically designed, modified, or configured
    for military application
    CCL **

    Klystrons, Specifically Designed for Medical Application
    CCL 3A96G

    Lead Styphnate
    CCL **

    Lens, Specifically Designed for Gen II and Gen III Image
    Intensification Tubes
    USML XII(f)

    Liner, for Military and Commercial Helmets
    CCL **

    Magnetometers, Not Designed for Military Application
    CCL 6A06A

    Magnetrons, Designed for Commercial Weather Radar  Applications
    CCL 3A96G

    Measurement Device, Vibration/Shock, Not Designed for Military
    Application
    CCL 3A96G

    Miniature Incandescent Lamps
    CCL OA96G

    Monitors, Ruggedized and Meeting TEMPEST Standards
    USML XI (b)(3)

    MOSFETS, Radiation-Hardened, Designed for Civil Space Applications
    USML XI(d)

    Navigation and Test Equipment, Designed for Naval Vessels
    USML VI(b)

    Night Vision Viewer, Using a Gen 1 Image Intensifier Tube
    CCL 6A96G

    Oceanographic Research Vessel
    CCL **

    Photo-multiplier Tubes Specifically Designed for Military
    Application
    USML XII(f
    Not Specifically Designed for Military Application
    CCL 6A96G

    PIN Selection System, for Use in Banking Applications
    CCL 5AllA

    Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP) Crystals Unfinished or Rough
    Finished Crystals
    CCL 6A96G
    Finished Crystals not Specifically Designed for Military
    Application
    CCL 6A96G
    Finished Crystals Specifically Designed for Military Application
    USML Note 1

    Potentiometer, Not Designed for Military Application
    CCL 3A96G

    Power Amplifier, Designed for Use in Missile Development
    USML XI(a)(7)

    Power Conditioner, Allowing Military Headsets to Operate Within
    TEMPEST Standards
    USML XI(b)(3)

    Propellant Test and Production Equipment
    CCL **

    Radar Coolant, Designed for use in Military Radars
    USML XI(d)

    Radar Simulator, Designed for Military Training
    USML IX(a)

    Radar Video Mapper
    CCL 6A96G

    RF and Microwave Filters Specifically Designed, Modified, or
    Configured for Military or Space Application
    USML Note 1
    Radiation Hardened to Meet or Exceed All of the Following
    Radiation Hardening Levels:
            Total Dose     5 X 10 EXP 5 Rads (SI )
            Dose Rate Upset     5 X 10 EXP 8 Rads (SI)/Sec.
            Single-Event Upset     1 X 10 EXP 7 Error/Bit/Day
            Neutron     1 X 10 EXP 14 N/cm2
            Latch-Up     Latch-up Free
    Otherwise
    CCL **

    Receiver System for Ground Station, for Remote Sensing Satellite
    USML VIII(j)

    Recoil Reduction Spring Systems, for Firearms
    USML I(a)

    Refrigeration Technology, Not Designed for Military Application
     CCL **

    Satellite Video Receivers, containing Descrambler Modules Without
    Digital Encryption and Where Digital Decryption is Limited to
    Video, Audio,  and Management Functions
    CCL Category 5

    Sealant, not Specifically Designed for Military Application
    CCL  lC96G

    Services, Relating to Data Encryption  and Key Management
    USML XIII(k)

    Shelter and Shelter Vans Not Incorporating USML Articles or
    Features
    CCL **

    Shipboard Combustion Control Systems, Parts and Components
    Specifically Designed, Modified, or Configured for Naval Vessels
    USML VI(b)
    Not Specifically Designed, Modified, or Configured for Naval
    Vessels
    CCL  8A18A & 8A94F

    Simple Analog Scrambler
    CCL 5AllA

    Smokeless Powder
    USML V(c)
    Software Development System, Targeted for Military Computers
    USML XI(d)

    Software, Atmospheric Modeling
    CCL 4D96G

    Software, Designed for Military Data Collection and Analysis
    USML XXI(b)

    Software, Designed for Military Training Applications
    USML IX(c)

    Software, Designed for Radar Tracking, Command and Control, and
    Battlefield Communications
    USML XI(e)

    Software, Designed for the Development of Stealth Technology
    USML XIII(k)

    Software, Electronic Mail
    CCL **

    Software, Employing Encryption for Access Control and
    Authentication only
    CCL **

    Software, for Analysis of Impact Dynamics
    CCL 4D96G

    Software, for Field Repairs, with Data Encryption
    In Object Code
    CCL **
    In Source Code
    USML XIII(b)(1)

    Software, Photogrammetric, for Civil Application
    CCL  4D96G

    Software, Precision Signal Generator
    USML XI(b)

    Software, Radar Simulator
    USML XI(b)

    Software, Used in Counseling & Training Programs
    CCL 5D13A

    Software, Using DES for Data Encryption
    USML XIII(b)(1)

    Software, Using DES for Password Encryption In Object Code
    CCL **
    In Source Code
    USML XIII(b)(1)

    Software, Using Encryption for Access Control only
    CCL **

    Sonar, Not Specifically Designed for Military Application
    CCL Category 6

    Steel, Scrap, Cut from Submarine Hulls
    CCL lC96G

    Strategic Military Telecommunications System, Designed to be
    Secure and Survivable
    USML XI(a)(5)

    Surface Effect Ship (SES) Vessel
    CCL **

    TACAN Beacon Simulators
    CCL **

    Technical Data Related to a Military Helicopter
    USML VIII(k)

    Television Broadcast System with Data Encryption Capability
    USML XIII(b)(1)

    Test Equipment, for Voltage Measurement
    CCL 3A93F

    Testing Programs, Related to the Space Shuttle
    USML VIII(k)

    Trainer, Specifically Designed to Simulate Navy Frigates
    USML IX(c)

    Transmitter and Receiver System, Designed for Commercial Air-
    Traffic Control Applications
    CCL **

    Unexploded Ordnance Detection System
    USML IV(c)

    Uniforms, Designed to Protect Against Chemical Warfare Agents
    USML X(c)

    Videographic Reader, for Verification of Seals/Anti-Tampering
    CCL **

    Workstation, Designed for the Analysis of Environmental Data
    CCL **

    Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate
    CCL lC96G

    Zirconium Potassium Perchlorate
    USML V(a)

    Note 1: USML category is the same as the item for which this part
    or component was designed.
    **  A specific Export Commodity Classification Number (ECCN) was
    not provided by the Department of Commerce.  For the ECCN number,
    please file a commodity classification request with the Bureau of
    Export Administration (BXA), Department of Commerce, P.O. Box 273,
    Washington, DC 20044. (###)

    ARTICLE 14:

    Personnel Updates
    Michael H. Newlin is currently the acting Deputy Assistant
    Secretary for Export Control in the Bureau of Political Military
    Affairs, and also the acting director of the Office of Defense
    Trade Policy.   Prior  to coming  on  board, Ambassador Newlin
    served as Deputy Executive Chairman of the UN Special Commission
    on Iraq. He has also been Ambassador to several UN agencies in
    Vienna, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary in the State
    Department Bureau of Consular Affairs, and ambassador to Algeria.
    He joined the U.S. Foreign Service in 1952, and has served atposts
    in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Washington, and at the UN in
    New York.

    LCDR Glenn E. Smith reported to the Office of Defense Trade
    Controls (DTC) in November 1992,   replacing   LCDR  Will  Massie.
    LCDR Smith recently completed a tour as the Commissioning First
    Lieutenant aboard the USS RUSHMORE (LSD-47). LCDR Smith has also
    served a board  USS FORD (FFG-54), USS  CURTIS   (FFG-38), and USS
    BELLEAU-WOOD (LHA-3).  As a licensing officer in the Arms
    Licensing Division (ALD), he is responsible for reviewing
    Technical Assistance Agreements (TAAs) and Manufacturing Licensing
    Agreements (MLAs).

    MAJ Robert S. Kovac reported to DTC  in February 1993 after
    serving as the Inspector General  at Ft.  Buchanan, Puerto Rico.
    A Command and General Staff College graduate and Infantry Officer
    with a specialty in Operations, MAJ Kovac has served at Ft. Lewis,
    WA, Ft. Bragg, NC, and also in Germany and Korea.  In ALD, MAJ
    Kovac responsible for TAAs  and MLAs.  (###)

    Category Assignments
    Aerospace & Ordnance Branch Update

    The October 1992 issue of  Defense Trade News contained an article
    "All About Contacting DTC: Principle Sections and Phone Numbers of
    the Office of Defense Trade Controls".  The information which
    follows updates the information on pages 27-28 in regards to USML
    Category  assignments.   The Licensing Officers also handle
    applications for both technical data and components of the
    equipment in their assigned categories. Phone numbers remain as
    previously published.

    Carolyn  Lancaster
    Companies A - L
      Cat. VIII(a) - Fixed Wing Aircraft
      Cat. VIII(d) - Launching & Recovery Equipment
      Cat. VIII(f) - Developmental Aircraft

    Companies D, I, U
      Cat. I(a)-(d)
      Cat. III(a)-(e)

    Terry  Hunter
    Companies M - Z
      Cat. VIII(a) - Fixed Wing Aircraft
      Cat. VIII(d) - Launching & Recovery Equipment
      Cat. VIII(f) - Developmental Aircraft

    Companies G, H
      Cat. I(a)-(d)
      Cat. III(a)-(e)

    Suzanne Palmer
    Companies A - Z
      Cat.IV(a) - Torpedoes
      Cat.V (a)-(f) - Explosives, Fuel Thickeners,  Propellants,
    Pyrotechnics, Compounds
      Cat.VIII(e) - Inertial Navigation Systems
      Cat.XII(d) - Inertial Platforms & Sensors,
        Astrocompasses, Star Trackers,
        Accelerometers, Gyros

    Companies C
      Cat.I(a)-(d)
      Cat.III(a)-(e)

    Ken Peoples
    Companies A - L
      Cat. IV (a)-(g) - Rockets, Grenades, Depth Charges, Missile
    Launchers, Demolition Blocks, Blasting Caps, Missile & Anti-
    missile Systems, Excavating Devices, Ablative Materials
      Cat. XV(a)-(f) - Spacecraft, Remote Sensing Satellite Systems,
    Communications Satellites, Global Positioning Systems

    Companies S, T
      Cat. I(a)-(d)
      Cat. III(a)-(e)

    Terry  Davis
    Companies M - Z
      Cat. IV (a)-(g) - Rockets, Grenades, Depth Charges, Missile
    Launchers, Demolition Blocks, Blasting Caps, Missile & Anti-
    missile Systems, Excavating Devices, Ablative Materials
      Cat. XV(a)-(f) - Spacecraft, Remote Sensing Satellite Systems,
    Communications Satellites, Global Positioning Systems

    Companies A, B, F
      Cat. I(a)-(d)
      Cat. III(a)-(e)

    Sue Clark
    Companies A - Z
      Cat.II(a)-(d) - Guns over .50 Cal.., Howitzers, Mortars,
    Recoilless Rifles, Flamethrowers, Projectors
      Cat.IV(a) - Mines, Bombs
      Cat.X(a)-(e) - Body Armor, Helmets, Partial Pressure Suits,
    Liquid Oxygen Converters, Protective Apparel & Equipment
      Cat. XIV(a)-(f) - Chemical Agents, Tear Gas, Biological Agents,
    Dissemination &  Detection Equipment, Nuclear Radiation Detection
    & Measuring Equipment
      Cat.XVI(a)-(c) - Nuclear Weapons & Nuclear Explosive Related
    Articles

    Companies E, V, W, X, Y, Z
      Cat.I(a)-(d)
      Cat.III(a)-(e)

    Carol Basden
    Companies A - L
      Cat.VIII(a) - Helicopters, Non-expansive Balloons, Drones
      Cat.VIII(b) - Aircraft Engines
      Cat.VIII(c) - Cartridge Actuated Devices
      Cat.VIII(g) - Ground Effect Machines

    Companies J, K, L, M
      Cat.I(a)-(d)
      Cat.III(a)-(e)

    Peter Dade
    Companies M - Z
      Cat.VIII(a) - Helicopters, Non-expansive Balloons, Drones
      Cat.VIII(b) - Aircraft Engines
      Cat.VIII(c) - Cartridge Actuated Devices
      Cat.VIII(g) - Ground Effect Machines

    Companies N, O, P, Q, R
      Cat.I(a)-(d)
      Cat.III(a)-(e)        (###)

    ARTICLE 15:

    Tips and Tidbits

    Additional Electronic Distribution
    Defense Trade News is now available on the Federal Bulletin Board
    (BBS) from the U.S. Government Printing Office.  BBS is a low-cost
    service which is easy to access and use.  Defense Trade News  is
    located in the Library File DOS MISC.   To browse the BBS at no
    charge, dial (202) 512-1387.  For additional information about
    this GPO service, contact the Office of Electronic Information
    Dissemination Services on (202) 512-1524.  To open a GPO Deposit
    Account, call (202) 512-1530 or FAX (202) 512-1262.

    Extra Copies of Attachments Needed
    In an effort to expedite processing of license applications, the
    Office of Defense Trade Controls (DTC) has instituted new
    procedures to process incoming applications and get them into the
    hands of licensing officers faster. In order to successfully
    implement the new procedures, however, applicants will be required
    to submit an original and three copies of ALL attachments such as
    commodities, foreign consignees and freight forwarders. DTC still
    requires seven copies of all technical data and brochures. When
    the new processing system is fully implemented, applications
    without the required number of attachments will be returned to
    applicants without further processing. DTC offers apologies for
    any inconvenience caused by the new procedure, but asks every
    applicant's cooperation and understanding. The new system should
    result in faster turn around time for the vast majority of
    applications.

    Enhancements to ROBB
    DTC's Remote On-Line Bulletin Board (ROBB) has some new
    enhancements.  In addition to the license status information, a
    message board has been added.  It features Federal Register
    Notices, announcements, and advisories of interest to exporters.
    Reference tables have also been added.  They include lists of
    license officers and agencies to which cases are staffed.

    CJ's
    If an exporter believes that an item is covered by  both the
    Commerce Control List (CCL) and the USML, please check with the
    the Office of Defense Trade Controls (DTC) to see if those
    commodities have been reviewed through a commodity jurisdiction
    process.  Seeking this information is preferrable to waiting for
    U.S. Customs to officially inquire while products are held in
    detention.

    Note from the Editor
    Since March 1990,  Defense Trade News  has been written and edited
    by personnel of the Bureau of Political Military Affairs, with
    layout and printing done outside the bureau. Last year, we decided
    to enter the ranks of desktop publishers and do all except the
    printing in-house. The new equipment arrived in December, and we
    have been busy since that time setting up and learning how to
    operate it.  This took a bit longer than we anticipated, thus the
    January issue was delayed.  Rather than skip an issue, we decided
    to go with a larger combined January-April issue.  The editorial
    staff apologizes for the delay, but hope that the volume you are
    currently reading was worth the wait.   (###)

    ARTICLE 16:

    Publications for Exporters
    Cross Reference of Countries and Bureaus

    In conjunction with the centerfold  article "Where in the World is
    It?", the following list of countries, country codes, and
    geographic bureaus will prove to be a valuable tool for exporters.
    This section is perforated for easy tear-out, perhaps to be added
    to your ITAR  and ROBB notebooks.

    Grouping reduces work load.  To submit a DSP -73 for Temporary
    Export of Equipment, or a DSP- 5 for Permanent Export of Technical
    Data to several countries on the same application, applicants may
    prepare one application for each Department of State (DOS) Bureau.
    Consolidating these requests onto  a single application
    significantly reduces the work load of both the applicant and the
    reviewing Bureau.

    Submitting multiple-country licenses. Look up each country on the
    alphabetical list on this and the following pages.  Group
    countries by the geographic region.  List all countries by the
    official name (do not use Country Codes) in Block 3 of the DSP-5
    for Permanent Export of Technical Data, or Block 4 of the DSP-73
    for Temporary Export of Equipment.

    Other-than-Country Information.  As you scan the list, you will
    notice that areas not recognized as countries may, in fact, have
    both a Country Code and an assignment to a DOS Bureau.  For
    example, Puerto Rico (RQ) is under the purview of the Bureau of
    Inter-American Affairs (ARA).  Although Puerto Rico is a U.S.
    territory and, therefore, requires no license for export issues in
    Puerto Rico can effect regional affairs.  Consider the British
    Virgin Islands (VI), also assigned to ARA.  Although, a British
    territory, exports to the Vigin Islands are not reviewed by the
    Bureau of European Affairs (EUR),. but by ARA.  These cases
    usually occur when the area, although an official part of a
    specific country, is located in a geographic region other than
    that of the country itself.

    Use of the Country Code.  Registrants who electronically access
    the current status of their license applications on DTC's Remote
    	On-Line Bulletin Board (ROBB) will find the Country Codes
    useful.  Whenever you query the database, you may query for all
    licenses to a specific country.

    COUNTRY NAME     COUTRY CODE     DOS BUREAU
    Afghanistan     AF     SA
    Albania (1)     AL     EUR
    Algeria         AG     NEA
    American Samoa  AQ     EAP
    Andorra         AN     EUR
    Angola (1)      AO     AF
    Anguilla        AV     ARA
    Antarctica      AY     EAP
    Antigua and Barbuda     AC     ARA
    Argentina       AR     ARA
    Armenia (former USSR) (1)     AM     EUR
    Australia       AS     EAP
    Austria         AU     EUR
    Azerbaijan (former USSR) (1)     AJ     EUR
    Bahamas, The    BF     ARA
    Bahrain         BA     NEA
    Bangladesh      BG     SA
    Barbados        BB     ARA
    Belarus (former USSR) (1)     BO     EUR
    Belgium         BE     EUR
    Belize          BH     ARA
    Benin           BN     AF
    Bermuda         BD     EUR
    Bhutan          BT     SA
    Bolivia         BL     ARA
    Bosnia and Herzegovina (former Yugoslavia)     BK     EUR
    Botswana        BC     AF
    Brazil          BR     ARA
    British Indian Ocean Territory     IO     AF
    Brunei          BX     EAP
    Bulgaria (1)    BU     EUR
    Burkina Faso    UV     AF
    Burma           BM     EAP
    Burundi         BY     AF
    Cambodia (1)    CB     EAP
    Cameroon        CM     AF
    Canada          CA     EUR
    Cape Verde      CV     AF
    Cayman Islands  CJ     ARA
    Central African Republic     CT     AF
    Chad            CD     AF
    Chile           CI     ARA
    China, People's Republic of     CH     EAP
    Christmas Island     KT     EAP
    Cocos (Keeling) Islands     CK     EAP
    Columbia        CO     ARA
    Comoros         CN     AF
    Congo           CF     AF
    Cook Islands    CW     EAP
    Costa Rica      CS     ARA
    Cote d'Ivoire (see Ivory Coast)     IV     AF
    Croatia (former Yugoslavia)     HR     EUR
    Cuba (1)(3)     CU     ARA
    Cyprus          CY     EUR
    Czech Republic  EZ     EUR
    Czechoslovakia  CZ     EUR
    Denmark         DA     EUR
    Djibouti, Republic of     DJ     AF
    Dominica        DO     ARA
    Dominican Republic     DR     ARA
    Ecuador         EC     ARA
    Egypt           EG     NEA
    El Salvador     ES     ARA
    Equatorial Guinea     EK     AF
    Estonia (1)     UR     EUR
    Ethiopia        ET     AF
    Falkland Islands     FA     ARA
    Faroe Islands   FO     EUR
    Federated States of Micronesia (see Micronesia)     FM     EAP
    Fiji            FJ     EAP
    Finland         FI     EUR
    France          FR     EUR
    French Guiana   FG     ARA
    French Polynesia     FP     EAP
    French South and Antarctic Lands     FS     EAP
    Gabon           GB     AF
    Gambia          GA     AF
    Georgia (former USSR) (1)     GG     EUR
    Germany         GE     EUR
    Ghana           GH     AF
    Gibraltar       GI     EUR
    Greece          GR     EUR
    Greenland       GL     EUR
    Grenada         GJ     ARA
    Guadeloupe      GP     ARA
    Guatemala       GT     ARA
    Guinea          GV     AF
    Guinea-Bissau     PU     AF
    Guyana          GY     ARA
    Haiti           HA     ARA
    Heard and McDonald Islands     HM     EAP
    Honduras        HO     ARA
    Hong Kong       HK     EAP
    Hungary         HU     EUR
    Iceland         IC     EUR
    India           IN     SA
    Indonesia       ID     EAP
    Iran (3)        IR     NEA
    raq (3)         IZ     NEA
    Ireland         EI     EUR
    Israel          IS     NEA
    Italy           IT     EUR
    Ivory Coast     IV     AF
    Jamaica         JM     ARA
    Japan           JA     EAP
    Jordan          JO     NEA
    Kazakhstan (former USSR) (1)     KZx     EUR
    Kenya           KE     AF
    Kiribati        KR     EAP
    Korea, North (1), (3)     KN     EAP
    Korea, South    KS     EAP
    Kuwait          KU     NEA
    Kyrgyzystan (former USSR) (1)     KG     EUR
    Laos            LA     EAP
    Latvia (1)      UR     EUR
    Lebanon         LE     NEA
    Lesotho         LT     AF
    Liberia         LI     AF
    Libya (3)       LY     NEA
    Liechtenstein   LS     EUR
    Lithuania (1)   UR     EUR
    Luxembourg      LU     EUR
    Macau           MC     EAP
    Macedonia       MK     EUR
    Madagascar      MA     AF
    Malawi          MI     AF
    Malaysia        MY     EAP
    Maldives        MV     SA
    Mali, Republic of     ML     AF
    Malta           MT     EUR
    Marshall Islands, Republic of     RM     EAP
    Martinique      MB     ARA
    Mauritania      MR     AF
    Mauritius       MP     AF
    Mexico          MX     ARA
    Micronesia, Federated States of     FM     EAP
    Midway Islands  MQ     EAP
    Moldova (former USSR) (1)     MD     EUR
    Monaco          MN     EUR
    Mongolia (1)    MG     EAP
    Montenegro      MW     EUR
    Montserrat      MH     ARA
    Morocco         MO     NEA
    Mozambique      MZ     AF
    Namibia         WA     AF
    Nauru           NR     EAP
    Navassa Island  BQ     ARA
    Nepal           NP     SA
    Netherlands     NL     EUR
    Netherlands Antilles     NA     ARA
    New Caledonia   NC     EAP
    New Zealand     NZ     EAP
    Nicaragua       NU     ARA
    Niger           NG     AF
    Nigeria         NI     AF
    Norfolk Islands     NF     EAP
    Northern Mariana Islands     CQ     EAP
    Norway          NO     EUR
    Okinawa         JAv     EAP
    Oman            MU     NEA
    Pacific Islands, Trust Territory     PS     EAP
    Pakistan        PK     SA
    Panama          PM     ARA
    Papau New Guinea     PP     EAP
    Paraguay        PA     ARA
    Peru            PE     ARA
    Philippines     RP     EAP
    Poland          PL     EUR
    Portugal        PO     EUR
    Puerto Rico     RQ     ARA
    Qatar           QA     NEA
    Reunion         RE     AF
    Romania (1)     RO     EUR
    Russia (former USSR) (1)     XX     EUR
    Rwanda          RW     AF
    San Marino      SM     EUR
    Sao Tome and Principe     TP     AF
    Saudi Arabia    SA     NEA
    Serbia          SR     EUR
    Senegal         SG     AF
    Seychelles      SE     AF
    Sierra Leone    SL     AF
    Singapore       SN     EAP
    Slovak Republic LO     EUR
    Slovenia (former Yugoslavia)     SI     EUR
    Solomon Islands BP     EAP
    Somalia         SO     AF
    South Africa, Republic of (2)     SF     AF
    Spain           SP     EUR
    Sri Lanka       CE     SA
    St. Helena      SH     AF
    St. Kitts and Nevis-Anguilla     SC     ARA
    St. Lucia       ST     ARA
    St. Pierre and Miquelon     SB     EUR
    St. Vincent     VC     ARA
    Sudan           SU     AF
    Suriname        NS     ARA
    Svalbard and Jan Mayen     JS     EUR
    Swaziland       WZ     AF
    Sweden          SW     EUR
    Switzerland     SZ     EU
    Syria (3)       SY     NEA
    Taiwan          TW     EAP
    Tajikistan (former USSR) (1)     TI     EUR
    Tanzania        TZ     AF
    Thailand        TH     EAP
    Togo            TO     AF
    Tokelau         TL     EAP
    Tonga           TN     EAP
    Trinidad and Tobago     TD     ARA
    Trust Terr. of Pacific Islands (see Pacific Islands)
    Tunisia         TS     NEA
    Turkey          TU     EUR
    Turkmenistan (former USSR) (1)     TX     EUR
    Turks and Caicos Islands     TK     ARA
    Tuvalu          TV     EAP
    Uganda          UG     AF
    Ukraine (former USSR) (1)     UP     EUR
    United Arab Emirates     TC     NEA
    United Kingdom  UK     EUR
    United Nations  UN     N/A
    United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands     IQ     EAP
    Uruguay         UY     ARA
    Uzbekistan (former USSR) (1)     UZ     EUR
    Vanuatu         NH     EAP
    Vatican         VT     EUR
    Venezuela       VE     ARA
    Vietnam (1)     VM     EAP
    Virgin Islands, British     VI     ARA
    Virgin Islands, U.S.     VQ     ARA
    Wake Island     WQ     EAP
    Wallis and Futuna     WF     EAP
    Western Sahara  WI     AF
    Western Samoa   WS     EAP
    Yemen           YM     NEA
    Yugoslavia      YO     EUR
    Zaire, Republic of     CG     AF
    Zambia          ZA     AF
    Zimbabwe        ZI     AF

    ARTICLE 17:

    Reader Questionnaire

    Dear Reader,

    As we begin the new year, we'd like to get a sense of how we at
    Defense Trade News. did during the past year, and what you'd like
    to see us do in the future.  Please  complete this survey and
    return as soon as possible. The results will be published in an
    upcoming issue.

    1.  The agency/organization receiving this publication is (Check
    all that apply):
    ____ Manufacturing  ____ Exporter  ____ Attorney ____Consultant
    ____ Freight Forwarder ____  U.S. Embassy  ____ U.S. Customs
    ____ U.S. Armed Forces  ____ Other U.S. Government Agency
    ____ Other (Please specify)_____________________________

    2.  Your position or title within the agency/organization:
    ______________________________________________

    3.  Approximate number of people who read this copy of Defense
    Trade News: (Check only one)
    _____ 1 - 5     _____  6 - 10     _____  11 - 20      _____  20 +

    4.  How many articles do you read in each issue?
    _____  100 % _____  75 %     _____  50 %         _____  25 %
    _____  Less than 25 %

    5.  Article length is generally:
    _____  Too long_____  About right_____  Too short

    6.  Article content is generally:
    _____  Too complex     _____  About Right    _____  Too simple

    7.  Articles are generally:
    _____   Useful and interesting        _____  Useful but not
    interesting
    _____   Interesting but not useful    _____  Neither interesting
    or useful

    8.  Publication  frequency is:
    ____  Too often ____ About right____ Too infrequent

    Note:  This is a quarterly publication (Jan., Apr., July, Oct.).

    9.   If GPO distributed  Defense Trade News by subscription,
    would your agency/organization subscribe?
    _____  Yes     _____  No     _____  Don't know

    10.   If you subscribed, how many copies would your agency/
    organization require?   _____ copies.

    11.  Please score the following topics or columns according to
    your interest:
    1  Very Interested
    2  Somewhat interested
    3   Slightly interested
    4   Not interested

    ____ Defense Trade Policy
    ____ Trade Legislation
    ____ Compliance Cases &Tips
    ____ DTC Procedures
    ____ Licensing Procedures
    ____ Federal Register Notices
    ____ US Customs at DTC
    ____ Personnel Updates
    ____ Tips & Tidbits
    ____ Publications for Exporters
    ____ Commodity Jurisdiction Determinations
    ____ Summaries of Prosecuted Court Cases
    ____  OTHER  (Please Specify)
    ____________________________________________________

    12.  Rate Defense Trade News on each of the following categories:
                            Excellent      Good     Fair     Poor
    Overall Quality____     ____     ____     ____
    Writing Style  ____     ____     ____     ____
    Content           ____     ____     ____     ____
    Appearance     ____     ____     ____     ____

    13.  On what subject (s) would you like to see articles in 1993?
    _________________________________________

    ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:

    (###)

    Training--Relief Is Just A Letter Away
    Are export procedures giving  you or your employees headaches?
    The Office of Defense Trade Controls (DTC) can design a seminar on
    export licensing policies and procedures with your specific needs
    in mind.  Seminars are held in DTC's main conference room on the
    second floor at 1701 N. Fort Myer Drive, Arlington, VA.

    DTC normally holds two seminars per month if demand warrants.
    Seating constraints limit attendance to 30 people per seminar.
    Normal training sessions are half-day, but they can be extended
    according to the needs of the participants.   Small companies are
    encouraged to apply  for these training sessions.  We combine
    participants from different companies each month to make up a
    session.  Larger companies might have enough personnel to take up
    all of the available spaces in a session, in which case, we will
    schedule a special session for that company.

    In order to request a training seminar, please complete the
    application below and return it to DTC.

    1.Type(s) of Training Desired:
    _____Completion of Applications
    _____Registration Requirements
    _____Country Licensing Policies
    _____Congressional Requirements
    _____COCOM Requirements
    _____Agreement Requirements
    _____US Customs EXODUS Program
    _____Commodity Jurisdiction Requests
    _____Processing of Requests
    _____Licensing Foreign Nationals

    Other subject areas you wish covered:
    _____________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________
    _________________________________

    2.  Number of individuals wishing to attend from your firm.
    _______

    3.  Please list the primary U.S. Munitions List category(ies) of
    defense articles, services, and/or technical data in which your
    firm usually deals.

    1.  __________     2.  __________      3.  __________
    4.  __________

    4.  Name of Company/Individual
    _____________________________________________________
    DTC Registration Code   ________________ - _________
    Address   ____________________________________________
    City &  State,  ZIP
    ____________________________________________________
    Point of Contact
    ____________________________________________________
    Phone  (           )  ________-________________ Direct Line
    (           )  ________-________________ DataFax

    5.  Would your company be interested in briefing DTC about your
    products or services?
      ______   Yes ______   No

    (###)

    [END OF DEFENSE TRADE NEWS, VOLUME 4, NUMBERS 1 AND 2]