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28 August 2001

Source: http://www.adtdl.army.mil/cgi-bin/atdl.dll/fm/3-34.331/toc.htm

*FM 3-34.331 (FM 5-232)

Field Manual No. 3-34.331 | Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC, 16 January 2001

FM 3-34.331
TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING

## Table of Contents

| PREFACE
Chapter 1 | MISSIONS, OPERATIONS, AND DUTIES
| Survey Missions
| Survey Operations
| Survey-Personnel Duties
| Fieldwork
| Office Work
| Survey Communication
Chapter 2 | PROJECT PLANNING
| Section I - Evaluation and Scheduling
| Project Requirements
| Unit Capabilities
| Accuracy Constraints
| Milestones
| Administrative Support
| Logistics Support
| Section II - Information-Gathering Trips
| Initial Site-Visitation Trip
| Administrative-Recon Trip
| Project-Visitation Trip
| Section III - Project Execution
Chapter 3 | SURVEY RECON
| Section I - Recon Fundamentals
| Recon Requirements
| Recon-Party Composition
| Section II - Recon Phases
| Office Recon
| Field Recon
| Recon Reports
Chapter 4 | DATUMS, GRIDS, AND COORDINATE REFERENCES
| Datums
| Grids
| Coordinate References
Chapter 5 | CONVENTIONAL SURVEY-DATA COLLECTION
| Section I - Fundamentals
| Angle Determination
| Distance Measurement
| Electronic Total Stations
| Section II - Targets
| Optical-Theodolite Target Set
| AISI Target Set
| Target Setup
| Lighted Target Sets
| Target and Tribrach Adjustment
| Signals
| Section III - AISI
| Description
| Components
| Leveling
| Quick Check
| Data Collection
| File Transfer
| File Editing
| Communications
| Instrument Maintenance
| Section IV - CAD Interface
| Total-Station Data Collection and Input
| Plotting
Chapter 6 | TRAVERSE
| Starting Control
| Open Traverse
| Closed Traverse
| Fieldwork
| Traverse Stations
| Traverse-Party Organization
| Azimuth Computations
| Azimuth-Bearing Angle Relationship
| Coordinate Computations
| Accuracy and Specifications
Chapter 7 | DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING
| Section I - Instruments and Equipment
| Automatic Levels
| Digital Levels
| Optical-Micrometer Levels
| Leveling Rods and Accessories
| Instrument Testing and Adjustment
| Section II - Precise Leveling Procedures
| Recon
| DE Determination
| Field-Party Composition
| Data Recording
| C-Factor Determination
| Center-Wire Adjustment
| SIF Determination
Chapter 8 | NAVSTAR GPS
| Section I - GPS Overview
| Operating and Tracking Modes
| System Configuration
| Broadcast Frequencies and Codes
| Broadcast Ephemeris Data
| Section II - Absolute Positioning
| Absolute-Positioning Accuracies
| Pseudoranging
| Absolute-Positioning Error Sources
| User Equivalent Range Error
| Accuracies
| Section III - Differential Precise Positioning
| Code-Pseudorange Tracking
| Carrier-Phase Tracking
| Vertical Measurements
| Differential Error Sources
| Differential Accuracies
| Section IV - Precise-Positioning Survey Planning
| Project-Control Accuracy
| Network-Design Factors
| Network Design and Layout
| GPS-S Techniques
| Section V - Precise-Positioning Survey Conduct
| Basic GPS-S Procedures
| Absolute Positioning
| Differential Positioning
| DGPS Carrier-Phase Horizontal-Positioning Surveys
| Static Surveying
| Stop-and-Go Kinematic Surveying
| Kinematic Surveying
| Pseudokinematic Surveying
| Rapid-Static Surveying
| OTF/RTK Surveying
| Section VI - Precise-Positioning Survey-Data Processing
| Processing Techniques
| Baseline Solution by Linear Combination
| Baseline Solution by Cycle-Ambiguity Recovery
| Data Processing and Verification
| Loop-Closure Checks
| Data Archival
| Section VII - Precise-Positioning Survey Adjustments
| GPS Error-Measurement Statistical Terms
| Adjustment Considerations
| Survey Accuracy
| Internal Versus External Accuracy
| Adjustments
| Evaluation of Adjustment Results
| Final-Adjustment Reports
Chapter 9 | ARTILLERY SURVEYS
| US Army FA
| ADA
| Survey Planning
Chapter 10 | AIRFIELD-OBSTRUCTION AND NAVAID ENGINEERYING SURVEYS
| Airport Obstruction Charts and NAVAID Surveys
| FAA and FAR Standards
| Airfield-Data Accuracy Requirements
| Reporting
Chapter 11 | REPORTS, BRIEFINGS, AND OPERATION ORDERS
| Section I - Reports
| General
| ISVT Report
| Recon Report
| Progress Report
| End-of-Project Report
| Incident Report
| Report Disposition
| Section II - Briefings
| Impromptu Briefing
| Deliberate Briefing
| Briefing Procedures
| Section III - Survey SOPand Supporting Annexes
Appendix A | MENSURAL CONVERSION CHARTS
Appendix B | CONTROL-SURVEY STANDARDS
| Differential Leveling
| Horizontal-Angle Measurement
| Trigonometric Observations
| GPS Techniques
Appendix C | BASIC SURVEY COMPUTATIONS
| Computation of a Two-Point Intersection
| Computation of a Grid Traverse and Side Shots
| Computation of a C-Factor
| Computation of a Level Line
Appendix D | SURVEY FORMS
| GLOSSARY
| BIBLIOGRAPHY
| BLANK FORMS
| AUTHENTICATION PAGE

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release: distribution is unlimited.

* This Field Manual (FM) supersedes FM 5-232, 27 September 1989, and Technical Manuals (TMs) 5-232, 1 June 1971, and 5-237, 30 October 1964. It also supersedes DA Forms 1904, 1 February 1957; 1906, 1 February 1957; 1908, 1 February 1957; 1910, 1 February 1957; 1912, 1 February 1957; 1913, 1 February 1957; 1919, 1 February 1957; 1926, 1 February 1957; 1946, 1 February 1957; 1950, 1 February 1957; 1951, 1 February 1957; 1952, 1 February 1957; 1961, 1 October 1964; 1964, 1 February 1957; 2840, 1 October 1964; 2842, 1 October 1964; 2843, 1 October 1964; 2844, 1 October 1964; 2845, 1 October 1964; 2846, 1 October 1964; 2848, 1 October 1964; 2849, 1 October 1964; 2851, 1 October 1964; 2852, 1 October 1964; 2853, 1 March 1968; 2858, 1 March 1968; 2859, 1 March 1968; 2860, 1 October 1964; 2861, 1 October 1964; 2862, 1 October 1964; 2865, 1 March 1968; and 4727, 1 September 1978.