1998 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Volume 46 Number 5, May 1998

Table of Contents for this issue

Complete paper in PDF format

Synthesis of Novel All-Dielectric Grating Filters Using Genetic Algorithms

Cinzia Zuffada, Senior Member, IEEE, Tom Cwik, Senior Member, IEEE, and Christopher Ditchman

Page 657.

Abstract:

The feasibility of novel all-dielectric waveguide grating filters is demonstrated, using a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve for material dielectric constants and geometric boundaries separating homogeneous regions of the periodic cell. In particular, GA's show that simple geometries (not previously reported) utilizing a small number of layers and/or gratings can be found to yield bandpass or stop-band filters with user defined linewidth. The evaluation of the fitness of a candidate design entails the solution of an integral equation for the electric field in the cell using the method of moments (MoM). Our implementation is made efficient by using only very few design frequency points and accurately approximating a given filter transfer function by a quotient of polynomials as a function of frequency. Additionally, the problem impedance matrices are conveniently represented as the product of a material independent matrix and a vector of dielectric constants, thus allowing us to fill the matrices only once. Our code has been parallelized for the Cray T3D to take advantage of the intrinsic parallelization efficiencies offered by GA's. Solutions are illustrated for a very narrow-band single-grating transmission filter and a relatively broad-band double grating reflection filter. Additionally, a solution for a five homogeneous layers Fabry-Perot filter is also presented.

References

  1. T. M. Habashy, L. M. Oristaglio, and A. T. de Hoop, "Simultaneous non linear reconstruction of two-dimensional permittivity and conductivity," Radio Sci., vol. 29, pp. 1101-1118, Aug. 1994.
  2. R. E. Kleinman and P. M. van de Berg, "Two-dimensional location and shape reconstruction," Radio Sci., vol. 29, pp. 1157-1169, Aug. 1994.
  3. D. Levine, "Users guide to the PGAPACK parallel genetic algorithm library," Argonne Nat. Lab. 95/18, Jan. 1996.
  4. R. L. Haupt, "Thinned arrays using genetic algorithms," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 42, pp. 993-999, July 1994.
  5. E. Michielssen, J.-M. Sajer, S. Ranjithan, and R. Mittra, "Design of lightweight, broad-band microwave absorbers using genetic algorithms," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 41, pp. 1024-1030, June 1993.
  6. T. Eisenhammer, M. Lazarov, M. Leutbecher, U. Schoffel, and R. Sizmann, "Optimization of interference filters with genetic algorithms applied to silver-based heat mirrors," Appl. Opt., vol. 32, pp. 6310-6315, Nov. 1993.
  7. A. Boag, A. Boag, E. Michielssen, and R. Mittra, "Design of electrically loaded wire antennas using genetic algorithms," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 44, pp. 687-695, May 1996.
  8. E. E. Altshuler and D. S. Linden, "Design of a loaded monopole having hemispherical coverage using genetic algorithms," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 45, pp. 1-4, Jan. 1997.
  9. A. John and R. H. Jansen, "Evolutionary generation of (M)MIC component shapes using 2.5D EM simulation and discrete genetic optimization," in IEEE MTT-S Dig., 1996, vol. 44, pp. 745-747.
  10. S. Chakrabarti, K. R. Demarest, and E. K. Miller, "An extended frequency-domain Prony's method for transfer function parameter estimation," Int. J. Numer. Modeling: Electron. Networks, Devices, Fields, vol. 6, pp. 269-281, 1993.
  11. N. Amitay, V. Galindo, and C. Wu, Theory and Analysis of Phased Array Antennas.New York: Wiley, 1972, pp. 310-313.
  12. R. Jorgenson and R. Mittra, "Efficient calculation of the free-space periodic green's function," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 38, pp. 633-642, May 1990.
  13. D. E. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms.New York: Addison-Wesley, 1989.
  14. Z. Michalewicz, Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs.New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992, pp. 75-82.
  15. S. S. Wang and R. Magnusson, "Multilayer waveguide-grating filters," Appl. Opt., vol. 34, pp. 2414-2420, May 1995.
  16. R. Magnusson and S. S. Wang, "Transmission bandpass guided-mode resonance filters," Appl. Opt., vol. 34, pp. 8106-8109, Dec. 1995.
  17. R. Magnusson, S. S. Wang, T. D. Black, and A. Sohn, "Resonance properties of dielectric waveguide gratings: Theory and experiments at 4-18 GHz," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 42, pp. 567-569, Apr. 1994.
  18. S. Tibuleac, Univ. Texas at Arlington, private communication, Dec. 1996.