1998 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Volume 46 Number 11, November 1998

Table of Contents for this issue

Complete paper in PDF format

Forward-Backward Averaging in the Presence of Array Manifold Errors

Michael Zatman and Daniel Marshall

Page 1700.

Abstract:

In this paper, we investigate the use of forward-backward (f/b) averaging for estimating the covariance matrix used for adaptive beamforming and space-time adaptive processing (STAP). We demonstrate that the estimation loss is reduced by the use of f/b averaging and, for some STAP cases, f/b averaging can even quadruple the available sample support. We also show that unknown array manifold errors have little effect on the effectiveness of f/b averaging. The gain from f/b averaging is demonstrated on data from the mountaintop database.

References

  1. S. W. Lang and J. H. McClennan, "Frequency estimation with maximum entropy spectral estimators," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-28, pp. 850-861, 1980.
  2. S. U. Pillai and B. H. Kwon, "Forward/backward spatial smoothing for coherent signal identification," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. 37, pp. 8-15, 1989.
  3. I. S. Reed, J. D. Mallet, and L. E. Brennan, "Rapid convergence in adaptive arrays," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. AES-9, pp. 853-863, 1973.
  4. R. Niztberg, "Application of ML estimation of persymmetric covariance matrices to adaptive processing," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. AES-16, pp. 124-127, 1980.
  5. G. W. Titi and D. Marshall, "The ARPA/NAVY mountaintop program--Adaptive signal processing for airborne early warning radar," in Proc. ICASSP'96, Atlanta, GA, May 1996, pp. 1165-1168.
  6. J. Ward, "Space-time adaptive processing for airborne radar," MIT Lincoln Lab. Tech. Rep., vol. 1015, 1994.
  7. B. D. Carlson, "Covariance matrix estimation and diagonal loading in adaptive arrays," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 24, pp. 397-401, 1988.
  8. J. E. Hudson, Adaptive Array Principles.London, U.K.: Peter Peregrinus, 1981.